Exploring the strangeness dimension of the phase diagram of strongly-interacting matter

本项目旨在通过理论与实验相结合的方法，探索强相互作用物质相图的奇异维度。奇异强子提供了一种独特的可能性，可以穿透在高温、有限重子和奇异化学势的极端条件下产生的奇怪的热致密物质的性质。在热火球膨胀阶段，在重叠区域产生的奇异超子与核子相互作用，形成轻超核。此外，它们可以移动到观众区域，在那里形成更重的超级集群。奇异性和超核形成是未来实验设施的主要主题，如FAIR（德国达姆施塔特），以及Nuclotron和JINR（俄罗斯杜布纳）的NICA。尽管从理论和实验两方面对重离子碰撞中的奇异性产生和动力学的理解进行了长期的活动，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题。在本建议中，我们将重点讨论其中一些问题，特别是：1)中能重离子碰撞中奇异介子和（反）重子的产生，特别是其在pp、pA和AA碰撞中的激发作用，以阐明不同的产生机制；2)重离子碰撞中产生的热致密介质中奇异介子和超子性质的改变以及如何通过实验验证这些变化；3)超核的形成机制，对致密高温环境下超核产生的认识及其实验观测的可能性。我们的项目将汇集来自GSI-Frankfurt小组的理论家和三个实验组，分别来自FAIR的CBM实验、Nuclotron的BM@N实验和JINR NICA的MPD实验。在这方面，联合努力的主要目标如下：1)GSI-Frankfurt理论小组将开发一种最先进的微观n体动力学输运方法，该方法将允许探索超子和超核的产生，从而在QCD相图的（第三）奇异度维度中探索新的物理。2)该模型将被德国和俄罗斯的实验小组用于奇异性和超核产生的模拟，以关注最突出的可观测物，运动区域以及探测器的技术结构。3)该项目将有助于建立通用软件、仿真代码、分析工具方面的知识转移——理论与实验之间以及GSI与JINR实验之间的知识转移。

The aim of this project is to explore the strangeness dimension of the phase diagram of strongly-interacting matter by combining theoretical and experimental efforts. Strange hadrons provide an unique possibility to penetrate into the properties of strange hot and dense matter created under such extreme conditions of high temperature as well as finite baryon and strange chemical potential. During the expansion phase of the hot fireball, the strange hyperons, which are produced in the overlapping region, interact with the nucleons and can form light hypernuclei. Moreover, they can travel to the spectator region and form there more heavier hyper-clusters. Strangeness and hypernuclei formation are among the main topics at the future experimental facilities as FAIR (Darmstadt, Germany) as well as at the Nuclotron and at NICA at JINR (Dubna, Russia). In spite of long lasting activities from both (the theoretical and the experimental) sides on the understanding of strangeness production and dynamics in heavy-ion collisions, there are still many open questions. In this proposal we will focus on some of them, in particular on: 1) production of strange mesons and (anti-)baryons in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies, especially its excitation function in pp, pA and AA collisions to elucidate the different production mechanisms, 2) the modification of the strange meson and hyperon properties in a hot and dense medium as created in heavy-ion collisions and how these changes can be verified experimentally, 3) the mechanism for hypernucleus formation and the understanding of the production of hypernuclei in the dense and hot environment and possibilities for their experimental observation. Our project will bring together the theorists from the GSI-Frankfurt group and three experimental groups from the CBM experiment at FAIR, the BM@N experiment at Nuclotron and the MPD experiment at NICA at JINR. In this respectthe main goals of the combined efforts are the following: 1) The GSI-Frankfurt theory group will develop a state-of-art microscopic n-body dynamical transport approach which will allow to explore hyperon as well as hypernucleus production and hence the new physics in the (third) strangeness dimension of the QCD phase diagram. 2) This model will be used by the experimental groups in Germany and Russia for simulations of strangeness and hypernuclei production to focus on the most prominent observables, kinematical regions as well as technical construction of detectors. 3) The project will help to establish the knowledge transfer in terms of common software, simulation codes, analysis tools - between theory and experiments and between the experiments at GSI and JINR.