Light, Mirror, Perspective. Systematic and metaphoric Aspects of Expression in the Works of N. Cusanus, G. Bruno and G. W. Leibniz

这个研究项目的目的是调查从中世纪晚期到现代早期的表达问题，通过集中在思想史上的中心时刻的选择，并考虑到与表达领域相关的隐喻。 该项目的目的是塑造一个肖像的概念表达和概念的不同层面，在所研究的时期内发展，并强调在这一背景下的表现形式和表达关系的行动模式。 本研究的重点是N. Cusanus，G.布鲁诺和G.W.莱布尼茨，其中三个主要的隐喻-光，镜子和透视-有一个特殊的作用。 这些隐喻是在他们的关系，艺术（包括艺术理论）和数学的时间，以期产生一个系统的历史重建的基本方面的一个领域，仍然在很大程度上尚未探索，尽管其多方面的丰富性。本研究项目的主要目的是通过一种三方面的方法来解决：1。关于镜子、光和透视的隐喻; 2.考虑形而上学、数学和艺术史的相关时刻; 3.以N. Cusanus，G.布鲁诺和G.W.莱布尼茨，在那里，人们不仅可以找到所有三个隐喻，而且所有三个学科之间的关系。在这三个学科的历史中，我们寻求这三条路径的系统性纠缠：光、镜子和透视的隐喻a）在三位作者的哲学作品框架中被质疑其象征意义; B）被视为当时已知的光学框架中的数学装置;最后c）被视为时期绘画的主题。 因此，获得必要的元素，使早期现代表达和表达关系的概念可以概述，使整个问题及其不同层面的充分理解。

The purpose of this research project is to investigate the problem of expression from the late Middle Ages to the early modern period, by focusing on a selection of central moments in the history of ideas and by taking into consideration metaphors related with the field of expression. The project aims to sculpt a portrait of the concept of expression and the different dimensions of the concept that were developed during the period under study and also to highlight manifestations and modes of action of expressive relations within this context. The main focus of the research lies on the works of N. Cusanus, G. Bruno and G.W. Leibniz, where the three leading metaphors–light, mirror and perspective–have a special role. These metaphors are looked at in the context of their relations to the art (including art theory) and mathematics of their time, with a view to producing a systematic historical reconstruction of essential aspects of a field that still remains largely unexplored despite its multi-faceted richness. The main aim of this research project is tackled through an approach that is tripartite in three senses: 1. regarding the metaphors of mirror, light and perspective; 2. considering relevant moments of the history of metaphysics, mathematics and art; and 3. taking as a framework the writings of N. Cusanus, G. Bruno und G.W. Leibniz, where one can find not only all three metaphors, but also relationships among all three disciplines. A systematic entanglement of these triple paths is sought within the history of the three disciplines: The metaphors of light, mirror and perspective are a) questioned for their symbolic content in the framework of the philosophical works of the three authors; b) regarded as mathematical devices in the framework of optics as known at the time; and lastly c) considered as motifs for period paintings. The requisite elements are thus acquired so that a concept of early modern expression and expressive relations can be outlined, enabling an adequate understanding of the overall problem and its different dimensions.