Narrating secularization. Studies on the beginning and the end of the narrative scheme of secularization in Scandinavian literature 1900/2000

“世俗化”通常意味着从以宗教为基础的社会向以世俗合法化为基础的社会转型。在1900年至2000年间，这一概念的似是而非对于自我解释欧洲社会具有重要意义。该项目的基础是，在过去15年里，科学和公众讨论的这种明显程度都有所下降，尤其是由于原教旨主义伊斯兰教日益强大，以及最近的难民潮。在这场关于世俗化概念的危机中，文学研究开辟了新的视角：目前重新评估宗教与社会之间关系的尝试表明，世俗化不是一个不可避免的历史过程，而是一种具体的叙事方案，因此是关于一种文化上建立的规则体系。此外，通过这一规则体系，我们能够组织不同的个体元素，以获得共同的叙事意义。因此，叙事方案为组织个人和集体经验提供了一个解释性框架，以创造令人信服的叙事。因此，为了更好地反思当前的社会和政治挑战，有必要更好地理解世俗化的叙事方案及其危机。拟议的项目希望通过分析时代的两个终点来为此做出贡献，这将是叙事方案尚未找到规范形式的时刻，以及叙事方案即将消解的时刻。该项目希望在斯堪的纳维亚文学史的背景下做出自己的贡献：因此，将调查丹麦、挪威或瑞典的文学如何参与1900年左右叙事方案的形成和实施，以及自2000年以来对其进行解散或重组：哪些声音阐明了叙事方案，哪些立场通过这些声音得到了加强？文化自我阐释使用了哪些具体的文学方法？在叙事方案确立的阶段，文学文本使用了什么逻辑，以使其可信或开发替代方案？在最近的范式危机中，文学文本提出了什么疑问，它们导致了哪些防御策略？该项目旨在涵盖三个领域：a)讲述1900年左右的世俗化，b)讲述2000年左右的世俗化；这两个共时的子项目将得到c)叙述圣诞节(1800年至今)的历时研究的补充；在第三项研究中，圣诞节被认为是一种现象，可以帮助我们理解北欧社会的世俗自我解释在过去200年里发生了怎样的变化。通过其真正的文学方法，该项目将有助于重新评估我们在迄今完成这一功能的基本叙事方案进入危机状态时是如何谈论宗教的。

'Secularization' commonly means the transition from a society based on religion to one based on secular legitimation. Between 1900 and 2000 the plausibility of the concept was significant for a self-interpretation of European societies. The project is based on the observation that this obviousness has dwindled over the last 15 years for both the scientific and the public discussions, not least due to the increasingly strong fundamentalist Islam and, most recently, the waves of refugees.In this crisis concerning the concept of secularization, literary studies open up new perspectives: current attempts to re-evaluate the relationship between religion and society have shown that secularization is not an inevitable historic process but rather a specific narrative scheme and thus about a culturally established rule system. Moreover, through this rule system we are able to organize different individual elements in order to derive a shared narrative meaning. As such, the narrative scheme provides an interpretive framework for organizing individual and collective experience in order to create a convincing narration. Therefore, in order to adequately reflect on the current social and political challenges, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the narrative scheme of secularization and its crisis.The proposed project wants to make a contribution to this by analyzing the two end-points of the era which will be the moment in which the narrative scheme has not found its canonical form yet, as well as the moment in which it is about to dissolve. The project wants to make its contribution in the context of Scandinavian literary history: Thus, it is to be investigated how literature from Denmark, Norway, or Sweden took part in shaping and implementing the narrative scheme around 1900 and in dissolving or reorganizing it since 2000: Which voices articulate the narrative scheme and which positions are strengthened through these voices? Which specific literary methods of cultural self-interpretation have been used? What logics did literary texts use during the phase when the narrative scheme was established in order to make it credible or to develop alternatives? What doubts do literary texts raise and to which defense strategies do they lead during the recent crisis of the paradigm?The project aims to cover three fields: a) narrating secularization around 1900, b) narrating secularization around 2000; the two synchronic subprojects will be complemented by a diachronic study on c) narrating Christmas (1800 to this day); in the third study Christmas is perceived as a phenomenon that can help us to comprehend how the secular self-interpretation of Northern European societies has changed over the last 200 years.Through its genuine literary approach this project will contribute to the re-evaluation of how we speak about religion at a time in which the fundamental narrative scheme that has fulfilled this function so far has entered a state of crisis.