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Japanese religions in the context of globalization and secularization

全球化和世俗化背景下的日本宗教

基本信息

批准号：
195052380
负责人：
Professor Dr. Christoph Kleine
金额：
--
依托单位：
Religionswissenschaftliches Institut
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2010-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/195052380?language=en
关键词：
Japanese religions context globalization secularization

项目摘要

The present research project was started in March 2012 with the aim to combine globalization theory and quantitative/qualitative research in the study of contemporary Japanese religions. Within the broader field of global dynamics, the project focuses on (1) the relativization of religious values in global society, and (2) the relationship between religion and other global societal subsystems.As for the first part, we have investigated Japanese religions' attitude toward the worldwide increasing presence of other religions, which reveals the intermingling of interreligious dialogue, inclusivism, and cultural nationalism. The interplay between the relativization of values, cultural nationalism, and hybridization/glocalization has been explored in another subfield of the research, which focuses on the recent reshaping of Japanese Buddhism as a "green" religion (patterned after global environmentalism), which occasionally embeds the rhetorical opposition of Japanese religion (closeness to nature) and western culture (anthropocentrism). Research has also been conducted in Hawaii within the overseas mission of Jôdo Shinshû. In-depth interviews conducted with local members indicate the presence of processes of hybridization that markedly differ from those occurring in Japan, such as the adoption of meditation, which is strongly discouraged in Japanese Jôdo Shinshû.As for the second part of the research project, we have focused on the new religious organization Risshô Kôseikai. This organization has refrained from forming its own political party and does not allow direct involvement in politics by officials of this organization, but customarily supports parties and independent candidates at election time in the attempt to influence the political process. Responses to the aforementioned issue emerging from quantitative research suggest that the functional differentiation of religion and politics may be perceived in different ways at the individual and institutional levels.Besides Risshô Kôseikai, other religious organizations had originally been selected as case studies for this research project. In one case (Jôdoshû) the rate of respondents was unfortunately too low. In another case (Sôtôshû), permission to conduct research among members was denied after long negotiations. Unfortunately, repeated attempts to approach other religious organizations in Japan have been unsuccessful. The aforementioned factors demanded a conceptual readjustment and have significantly delayed the research. Consequently, the six months still left will be indispensable to gather necessary data for the project.In view of the unpredictable factors that have delayed the planned research during the previous months and the incumbent tasks illustrated in the report, it is reasonable to assume that a fair amount of additional time (12 months) will be needed for the completion of the project and the writing process of the monograph that should finalize it.

本研究项目于2012年3月启动，旨在将联合收割机全球化理论与当代日本宗教研究中的定量/定性研究相结合。在全球动态这一更广泛的领域内，本研究的重点是（1）全球社会中宗教价值观的相对化，（2）宗教与全球社会子系统的关系。第一部分，我们调查了日本宗教对世界范围内其他宗教日益增多的态度，揭示了宗教间对话、包容主义和文化民族主义的交织。价值观的相对化、文化民族主义和杂交/全球本土化之间的相互作用已经在研究的另一个子领域中进行了探索，该研究的重点是最近将日本佛教重塑为“绿色”宗教（以全球环保主义为模式），偶尔嵌入日本宗教（接近自然）和西方文化（西方中心主义）的修辞对立。还在Jôdo Shinshirt的海外使命范围内在夏威夷进行了研究。通过对当地成员的深入访谈，发现了与日本截然不同的融合过程，例如，在日本的国教信众中，冥想是被强烈反对的。第二部分的研究对象是新兴的宗教组织立正新生会。该组织避免组建自己的政党，不允许该组织的官员直接参与政治，但通常在选举时支持政党和独立候选人，试图影响政治进程。对上述问题的定量研究表明，在个人和机构层面上，对宗教和政治的功能差异有不同的理解。本研究最初选择了立正合成会以外的其他宗教组织作为研究对象。在一个国家（Jôdoshan），答复者的比例很低，令人遗憾。在另一个案件（索多玛）中，经过长时间谈判，成员之间进行研究的许可被拒绝。不幸的是，多次试图与日本其他宗教组织接触都没有成功。上述因素要求重新调整概念，并大大推迟了研究。因此，剩下的六个月对于收集项目所需的数据是必不可少的，鉴于前几个月无法预测的因素延误了计划中的研究，以及报告中说明的现有任务，可以合理地假设，完成该项目和编写专题论文以最终完成该项目，将需要12个月的时间。