When and why do narcissistic individuals attain status in groups?

地位高的人有很大的影响力。因此，他们可以做很多好的，但也有很多伤害他们周围的社会世界。自恋的人通常被认为是有害的，因为他们倾向于挑起冲突，违反规则，挑战现有的结构和制度（Sedikides & Campbell, 2017）。然而，自恋者经常被发现在面对面的群体中获得地位和受欢迎程度（例如，Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Brunell et al., 2008; Paulhus, 1998）。拟议中的项目旨在加强对自恋者何时以及为何获得地位的理解。为此，我整合了自恋研究和最近的地位等级理论，如微观政治模型（Anderson & Cowan, 2014; Anderson & Kennedy, 2012）。从理论整合中，我得出了三个假设：(a)在有可能惩罚搭便车者的情况下，自恋与地位获得之间的正相关关系比在不可能惩罚搭便车者的情况下更强。(b)在有可能贡献自己的份额的情况下，自恋与地位获得的负相关比在不可能贡献自己的份额的情况下更强。(c)在有可能在面对面的交往中给别人留下深刻印象的情况下，自恋与地位的获得之间的正向联系比在不可能在面对面的交往中给别人留下深刻印象的情况下更强。这三种情境因素对自恋状态联系的调节作用将在三组6 - 8人（N1 = 480; N2 = 480; N3 = 558）的研究中进行测试。这三项研究将基于博弈论范式：带有惩罚的重复公共物品博弈（例如，Fehr & Gächter, 2000）。研究结果将为自恋与地位关系的理论、自恋的进化起源理论以及自恋的人际适应性争论提供依据。

High status individuals have a lot of influence. They can thus do a lot of good but also a lot of harm to the social world around them. Narcissistic individuals are often perceived as harmful because they tend to initiate conflicts, violate rules, and challenge existing structures and institutions (Sedikides & Campbell, 2017). Nevertheless, narcissistic individuals have frequently been found to attain status and popularity in face-to-face groups (e.g., Back, Schmukle, & Egloff, 2010; Brunell et al., 2008; Paulhus, 1998). The proposed project is aimed at enhancing the understanding of when and why narcissistic individuals attain status. For this aim, I integrated research on narcissism and recent theories on status hierarchies such as the Micropolitics model (Anderson & Cowan, 2014; Anderson & Kennedy, 2012). From the theoretical integration, I derived three hypotheses: (a) Narcissism will have a stronger positive association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to punish free riders than in situations in which it is not possible to punish free riders. (b) Narcissism will have a stronger negative association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to contribute one’s share than in situations in which it is not possible to contribute one’s share. (c) Narcissism will have a stronger positive association with status attainment in situations in which it is possible to impress others in face-to-face interaction than in situations in which it is not possible to impress others in face-to-face interaction. The moderating effect of these three situational factors on the narcissism-status link will be tested in three studies with groups of six to eight persons (N1 = 480; N2 = 480; N3 = 558). The three studies will be based on a game theory paradigm: the repeated public goods game with punishment (e.g., Fehr & Gächter, 2000). The results will inform theories about the narcissism-status link, theories about the evolutionary origins of narcissism, and debates about the interpersonal adaptiveness of narcissism.