Subproject 3 - Spatial and temporal changes in the geomorphic process dynamics on slopes in the Central Alps since the Little Ice Age

高山地质系统对气候变暖和与之相关的降水条件的变化非常敏感。这包括冰川的迅速融化、永久冻土和高山植被的变化。这些变化反过来又影响山区河流的排放制度和坡面的泥沙输送。然而，由于自然条件的异质性，地球系统对气候变化的响应是非常复杂的，并且在空间和时间上差异很大。因此，在该项目的第一个资助期内，SEHAG研究小组深入研究了LIA以来地球系统和地貌过程动力学对气候变化的响应，以增加对过去发生的变化的了解，从而更好地展望未来的发展。研究组的主要假设是，自LIA以来，过去和正在进行的气候变化已经并将继续影响地貌过程的活动和相互关系。这些变化可分为四个时间段(根据阿尔卑斯山测量的气候变化)：时间段I(1850-1920)、时间段II(1920-1980年)、时间段III(1980年-项目第一阶段的现在/结束)和未来时间段IV(现在-2050年/项目第二阶段)。这些研究是在中央阿尔卑斯山的三个不同冰川山谷进行的。在研究组内，分项目3侧重于斜坡上的主要地貌过程。历史和当前照片、历史地图以及现有的和新收集的激光雷达数据被用来记录自1850年以来三个不同时间段的当前和历史过程动态。通过将这些调查的结果与研究组其他分项目的结果结合起来，在气候变化和地球系统变化的背景下分析了查明的地貌动力学变化。在第一个资助期已经取得的成果将在第二个资助期通过进一步的衡量和分析加以深化。然后，它们将被用来校准和验证选定工作区的坡度过程模型。为了对未来的发展进行建模，SP3将使用泥石流和土壤侵蚀研究的现有模型。第二阶段将根据现有的过去流程建模，分析和预测到2050年的未来发展。这些计算将纳入地球系统中最重要的变化(例如气候、水文、植被)的数据，这些数据将在其他次级项目中详细说明。

High mountain geosystems are very sensitive to climate warming and the associated changes in precipitation conditions. This includes the rapid melting of glaciers, changes in permafrost and alpine vegetation. These changes, in turn, affect the discharge regimes of mountain rivers and sediment delivery from the slopes. However, the response of geosystems to climatic changes is very complex and varies greatly in space and time because of the heterogeneity of natural conditions. Therefore, during the first funding period of the project, the SEHAG research group has intensively studied the responses of geosystems and geomorphological process dynamics to climate changes since the LIA in order to increase the knowledge of the changes that occurred in the past and thus better prospect future developments. The main hypothesis of the research group is that past and ongoing climate change has influenced, and continues to influence, the activity and interrelationships between geomorphological processes since the LIA. These changes can be divided into four time slices (based on measured climate changes in the Alps): time slice I (1850-1920), time slice II (1920-1980), time slice III (1980-present/end of project phase I), and future time slice IV (present-2050/project phase II). The studies are carried out in three differently glaciated valleys of the Central Alps. Within the research group, subproject 3 focuses on dominant geomorphological processes on the slopes. Historical and current photographs, historical maps, as well as existing and newly collected LiDAR data are used to record the current and historical process dynamics in the three different time slices since 1850. By combining the results of these investigations with the results of the other subprojects of the research group, the identified changes in geomorphological dynamics is analyzed in the context of climate change and change in geosystems. The results already obtained in the first funding period will be deepened in the second funding period by further measurements and analyses. Then they will be used to calibrate and validate models of the slope processes in the selected working areas. For modeling future development, SP3 will use existing models from debris flow and soil erosion research. Phase II will analyze and forecast future development through 2050 based on existing past process modeling. The calculations will incorporate the data of the most important changes in the geosystems (e.g. climate, hydrology, vegetation), which will be elaborated in the other subprojects.