Calabrian Arc Mud Volcanoes: Deep Origin, internal Structure and activity from data acquired during expeditions POS499, POS515, and M112

海洋泥火山贡献了海底和海洋之间物质流动的很大一部分，由于其高度的内部动力学和快速变化的形态，泥火山是一种海洋地质灾害。为了研究泥火山作用的海底表现、空间范围和时间演化，需要高分辨率的海底和海底下成像技术。在这项提案中，我们希望利用AUV数据结合重力岩芯、2D/3D地震反射和已经完成的考察(POS499、POS515、M112)的海底地震仪数据来研究泥火山作用的动态过程。这些研究的目的是通过观察持续变化和重建过去的演化来研究泥火山地质、物理和化学过程的相互作用，以改进对泥浆挤出以及气体和溶解甲烷排放量随时间的估计。地震数据被用来成像泥火山的结构和根部，并与定义过去6 Ma地层格架的现有数据相联系。这些结果与海底微水深测量和来自AUV观测的后向散射、声波水柱气体耀斑图以及确定地层学、排泄率和孔隙流体化学的重力岩心相结合。这将得到从深度到海底的总泥浆挤出、排出速率和化学通量的估计。

Marine mud volcanoes contribute a large portion of the material fluxes between the seafloor and the oceans and due to their high internal dynamics and fast changing morphology, mud volcanoes represent a marine geohazard. In order to investigate the seafloor-manifestation, spatial extent, and temporal evolution of mud volcanism, high-resolution seafloor and sub-seafloor imaging techniques are required. In this proposal we would like to utilize AUV data combined with gravity cores and 2D/3D seismic reflection and ocean bottom seismometer data from already completed expeditions (POS499, POS515, M112) at several mud volcanoes of the Calabrian accretionary prism to investigate the dynamic processes of mud volcanism. The objectives of the studies are on the interactions of geological, physical, and chemical processes at mud volcanoes by observing ongoing changes and reconstructing past evolution in order to improve estimates of mud extrusion and gaseous and dissolved methane emissions with time. Seismic data are used to image the mud volcano structure and roots and are linked to existing data defining a stratigraphic framework over the past 6 Ma. These results are combined with seafloor micro-bathymetry and backscatter from AUV observations, acoustic water column gas flare mapping, and gravity cores defining stratigraphy, expulsion rate, and pore-fluid chemistry. This will yield estimates of total mud extrusion, expulsion rates, and chemical fluxes from depth to seafloor.