Calabrian Arc Mud Volcanoes: Deep Origin, internal Structure and activity from data acquired during expeditions POS499, POS515, and M112

海洋泥火山为海底和海洋之间的物质通量贡献了很大一部分，由于其高内部动力学和快速变化的形态，泥火山代表了一种海洋地质灾害。为了研究泥火山作用的海底表现形式、空间范围和时间演化，需要高分辨率的海底和海底成像技术。在本方案中，我们希望利用AUV数据，结合重力岩心、2D/3D地震反射和海底地震仪数据，从卡拉布里亚（Calabrian）吸积棱镜的几个泥火山（POS499, POS515, M112）中已经完成的勘探（POS499, POS515, M112）来研究泥火山作用的动态过程。这些研究的目的是通过观察正在发生的变化和重建过去的演变，研究泥火山的地质、物理和化学过程的相互作用，以便改进对泥浆挤压和气体和溶解甲烷随时间排放的估计。地震数据用于泥火山结构和根部的成像，并与过去6 Ma的地层格架的现有数据相关联。这些结果与海底微测深和AUV观测的后向散射相结合，声学水柱气体耀斑映射，重力岩心定义地层、排液速率和孔隙流体化学。这将产生总的泥浆挤出、排出率和从深度到海底的化学通量的估计。

Marine mud volcanoes contribute a large portion of the material fluxes between the seafloor and the oceans and due to their high internal dynamics and fast changing morphology, mud volcanoes represent a marine geohazard. In order to investigate the seafloor-manifestation, spatial extent, and temporal evolution of mud volcanism, high-resolution seafloor and sub-seafloor imaging techniques are required. In this proposal we would like to utilize AUV data combined with gravity cores and 2D/3D seismic reflection and ocean bottom seismometer data from already completed expeditions (POS499, POS515, M112) at several mud volcanoes of the Calabrian accretionary prism to investigate the dynamic processes of mud volcanism. The objectives of the studies are on the interactions of geological, physical, and chemical processes at mud volcanoes by observing ongoing changes and reconstructing past evolution in order to improve estimates of mud extrusion and gaseous and dissolved methane emissions with time. Seismic data are used to image the mud volcano structure and roots and are linked to existing data defining a stratigraphic framework over the past 6 Ma. These results are combined with seafloor micro-bathymetry and backscatter from AUV observations, acoustic water column gas flare mapping, and gravity cores defining stratigraphy, expulsion rate, and pore-fluid chemistry. This will yield estimates of total mud extrusion, expulsion rates, and chemical fluxes from depth to seafloor.