The urban house before 1300

自中世纪盛期以来，这座城市一直是现代欧洲社会的中心和决定性结构。世纪以来，法律的史、经济史和社会史都对这一领域进行了深入的研究。北方欧洲城市作为一种建筑结构主要在12/13世纪发展起来。现存的关于建筑城市的概览出版物形成了中世纪早期城市的图片表示。除了神圣的建筑外，关注的焦点始终是上层阶级的住宅建筑以及石材和木材建筑的区别。这些早期作品是在重要的新发现或方法以及系统的调查建立之前，基于战后的研究（建筑考古学，中世纪考古学，中世纪的考古学提供了第一批新的概述和图片，特别是在瑞士（苏黎世林德马克特）和吕贝克（阿尔夫大街）的发掘。然而，重建城市环境的工作又回到了重建地上建筑的研究上。在树木年代学的推动下，建筑考古学在过去的30年里发现了大量城市早期的建筑物，这些建筑物被保存了多年。遗憾的是，这些新发现的呈现仍然停留在个别考虑上，迄今为止，这些研究只是针对个别地点和地区进行了总结。尽管最近对中世纪高层世俗建筑的大量个别研究经常反驳，但仍然使用了熟悉的旧的、误导性的刻板印象。令人痛苦的是，缺乏概括性的概述，将个人的发现汇集成一个新的形象。关于世俗建筑的内部和装饰，总体知识水平明显低于建筑本身。通常没有单独的考试。在这里，中世纪的房屋在过去的30年里通过建筑研究等而闻名，几乎没有被检查，所以只有概述作品，从中世纪晚期的发现开始，描述了世俗房间设置的想法。该项目基于证据来观察整个早期城市：房屋的具体形式，基础设施，建筑和使用，地块上的位置，城市空间的位置。其目的是对1300年之前城市中的中世纪房屋进行一般性描述。

The city has been a central, defining structure of modern European society since the High Middle Ages. Legal, economic and social history have done intensive research in this field since the 19th century. The northern European city as a built structure developed mainly in the 12th / 13th century.The existing overview publications of the built city form the pictorial representation of the early medieval city. In addition to sacred architecture, the focus was always on the residential building of the upper classes and the distinction between stone and timber construction.These early works are based on post-war research before important new discoveries or methods and systematic investigations have been established (building archeology, archaeology of the middle ages, dendrochronology).The first new overviews and pictures were provided by the archeology of the middle ages, especially the excavations in Switzerland (Zurich Rindermarkt) and in Lübeck (Alfstraße). However, the resulting reconstructions of the urban environment had revert to the older research for the reconstruction of the above-ground buildings.Fueled by the new possibility of dating by means of dendrochronology, building archaeology has over the last thirty years uncovered that there are still large numbers of buildings from the early days of the city, which have been preserved over the years. Alas, the presentation of these new findings remains in individual considerations, which have so far only been summarized for individual locations and regions.Although the numerous recent individual studies on high-medieval secular buildings often refute, still the familiar older, misleading stereotypes are used. There is a painfull lack in generalizing overviews, which bring together the individual findings into a new image.With regard to interor and décor of secular buildings, the overall level of knowledge is significantly worse than that of the building itself. Often, there are no individual examinations. Here, the high-medieval houses that have become known in the last 30 years through building research, etc., have barely been examined, so that only the overview works, beginning with late medieval findings, characterize the idea of profane room settings.The project looks at the entire early city on the basis of the evidence: the house in its concrete form, infrastructure, construction and use, location on the plot, location in urban space. The aim is a general depiction of the medieval house in the city before 1300.