Supraconducting magnet with warm bore for the search of axions and axion-like particles

粒子物理的标准模型是非常精确地描述高能粒子相互作用的理论框架，并在测量中得到了匹配精度的验证。然而，该模型未能为“暗物质”提供解释，而且它惊人地高估了“暗能量”。令人尴尬的是，暗物质和暗能量是宇宙中能量和物质的主要形式。到目前为止，在粒子对撞机上或在暗物质搜索中罕见的弱相互作用大质量粒子(WIMP)的散射过程中搜索新的大质量粒子的努力迄今尚未成功。实验已经达到了足够的灵敏度，可以检测到理论上支持的标准模型的扩展。除了暗物质和暗能量的宇宙学证据外，天体物理观测还发现了GeV和TeV能量的宇宙伽马射线传播的反常现象，这表明存在一种新的伪标量粒子，质量只有几个nev。这种所谓的弱相互作用细小粒子(WIP)在以前的任何实验中都没有被注意到。在这里，我们建议购买一台带有暖气孔的超导磁体，这将使我们能够进行三项实验，这些实验有可能发现天体物理观测所表明的WIPS。第一个实验是基于一种新的想法，使用嵌入磁场中的光纤干涉仪，对同样的光子-WISP混合很敏感，这种混合是解释GeV/TeV伽马射线天文学中发现的异常的核心。第二个实验将检验这样一种假设，即同样的一束光是暗物质的组成部分。最后，第三个实验再次瞄准暗物质搜索，但将质量范围扩大到理论上支持的特定光束--轴子的值。

The standard model of particle physics is a theoretical framework to describe very accurately high energy particle interactions and has been verified with matching accuracy in measurements. The model fails however to provide an explanation for “dark matter” and it spectacularly over-predicts the “dark energy”. Embarassingly, dark matter and dark energy are the dominant forms of energy and matter in the universe. The ongoing efforts to search new and massive particles at particle colliders or in rare scattering processes of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) in dark matter searches have so far not been successful. The experiments have reached already sufficient sensitivity to detect theoretically favored extensions of the standard model. Besides the cosmological evidence for dark matter and dark energy, astrophysical observations have revealed anomalies in the propagation of cosmic gamma-rays at GeV and TeV energies that suggest the existence of a new pseudoscalar particle with a mass of a few neV. This type of so-called weakly interacting slim particle (WISP) has gone unnoticed in any previous experiment. Here, we propose to purchase a superconducting magnet with a warm bore that will allow us to carry out three experiments which have the potential to discover the WISPs which are indicated by astrophysical observations. The first experiment is based upon a new idea using a fiber interferometer embedded in the magnetic field and is sensitive to the same photon-WISP mixing that is at the core of the explanation of the anomaly discovered in GeV/TeV gamma-ray astronomy. The second experiment will test the hypotheses that the very same WISPs are a constituent of dark matter. Finally, the third experiment is again aiming at dark matter searches, but extending the mass range to theoretically favored values for a specific WISP, the axion.