The Organisation of University Education and Credit Lending in immigrant Communities of South Brazil

巴西的建国史充满了沧桑。巴西第二帝国结束后，成立于1891年的共和国在许多方面都是一个弱国，特别是在巴西南部等边远地区。热图利奥·巴尔加斯（Getúlio Vargas）和他的新国家（Estado Novo，1937-1945）计划试图提高民族国家的治理能力。他成功地加强了中央政府的职能，但不是永久性的。国家治理的职能和空间波动也是后来独裁和民主统治时期的特点。 这个分项目调查了巴西南部与社会文化和物质基础职能有关的两种地方自治形式。它将分析国家和地方国家治理与地方社区自治之间的复杂关系。计划在南里奥格兰德省的圣克鲁斯开展两项个案研究，重点关注不同的治理领域。第一个案例研究调查了一个高等教育设施，它占用了德国定居者的早期活动。更确切地说，将分析由民间社会成员管理的社区大学UNISC的创建和运作。其目的是检验移民是创造繁荣的公民社会的重要因素这一假设。在随后的发展过程中，这些移民社区内部的各种消除关系发生了变化，并重新构成。在第二个案例研究中，研究了类似的转变，以期在经济领域产生社会资本。调查对象将是位于南圣克鲁斯的当地信用合作社Sicredi Vale do里奥帕尔多，这是巴西最早的农业信贷信用合作社之一。今天，Sicredi是巴西合作社参与、透明和创新的典范，这不仅是因为它在军事独裁时期生存下来。 从这个角度来看，与大学UNISC的集体叙事以及其合法化的战略和内容进行比较也很有意义。此外，将从历史的角度分析局部变化及其消除效应，包括路径依赖性。这两个案例研究的一个重要方面将是考虑到什么类型的政权正在行使国家统治。在政权更迭的情况下，将审查地方自治与国家秩序之间的关系在多大程度上发生了变化。

Brazil’s history of statehood is marked by many vicissitudes. After the end of the second Empire of Brazil, the republic, founded in 1891, was in many respects a weak state, especially in its outlying regions such as south Brazil. Getúlio Vargas with his authoritarian project of the Estado Novo (1937-1945) tried to improve the nation state’s capacity for governance. He succeeded in strengthening the function of the central state, but not permanently. Functional and spatial fluctuations of state governance have likewise characterized the later periods of authoritarian and democratic rule. This subproject investigates two forms of local self-governance in South Brazil pertaining to the functions of socio-cultural and material foundations. It will analyse the complex relationships between national and local state governance on the one hand, and the self-governance of local communities, on the other. The two case studies that are planned are situated in Santa Cruz do Sul (province Rio Grande do Sul) and focus on different areas of governance. The first case study investigates a facility of higher education, which took up earlier activities of German settlers. More precisely, the creation and functioning of the communitarian university UNISC will be analysed, which is run by members of civil society. The aim is to test the assumption that immigrants were an important factor in the creation of a thriving civil society. In the course of the ensuing developments, the different relations of limination within this immigrant communities had changed and were constituted anew. Analogous transformations are investigated in the second case study with a view to the generation of social capital in the economic sphere. The object of investigation will be the local credit cooperative Sicredi Vale do Rio Pardo in Santa Cruz do Sul, which is one of the first credit unions for farming credits in Brazil. Today, Sicredi is a model of participation, transparency and innovation for cooperatives in Brazil, not only due to its survival during the military dictatorship. From this perspective, a comparison with the collective narratives of the university UNISC as well as its strategies and contents of legitimation is of interest as well. Furthermore, local transformations and their limination effects will be analysed in a historical perspective, including path dependencies. An important aspect of both case studies will be to take into account what type of regime was exercising state rule. In the case of a regime change, it will be examined to what extent the relationship between local self-governance and state order was modified.