Archaeology of the eastern Châtelperronian. Technology, chronology and implications concerning the acculturation hypothesis at the transition from Middle to Upper Palaeolithic

本研究项目重点研究旧石器时代中晚期过渡时期的一个时空单元——东<s:1>特珀龙期（chaltelperronian）的石器技术。尽管其主要分布在法国西部，但在法国东部的遗址中发现了所谓的“文化现代”人工制品的最明显迹象，主要是在Grotte du Renne （arty -sur- cure）。这些文物包括装饰品、骨制工具和颜料。在Grotte du Renne，这些人工制品与尼安德特人的人类遗骸有关。然而，这个古老遗址的地层学的完整性经常受到批评，并且在任何其他遗址中都没有尼安德特人遗骸与现代文化文物的可比联系。这就是为什么多年来，我的研究小组一直专注于法国东部，在Arcy附近的一个地点测试chaltelperronian的形成。由于该地区与斯瓦本汝拉及其古老的奥里尼亚纪相对接近，因此该地区也提供了测试现有的关于chaltelperronian和Aurignacian的文化适应假说的机会，从而提出了尼安德特人与解剖学上的现代人之间可能存在联系的问题。这个问题的核心是Germolles遗址，我的团队已经研究了很多年。它是已知的最东端的<s:1>泰伯龙纪遗址。然而，由蒙特- l<e:1> -Étrelles地区第三纪燧石构成的chalteperronian点的存在暗示了chalteperronian向更远的东方延伸。在这个地区，Trou de la m<e:1>和Frettes两个遗址（都是Haute-Saône）展示了具有chaltelperronian亲和力的人工制品。我的团队也一直在以名字命名的ch<s:1> telperronian (alier) ch<s:1> telperron （alier）遗址工作，那里一直存在着关于ch<s:1> telperronian和Aurignacian层间分层可能性的争论。然而，由于发掘年代久远，这个问题至今仍未得到解决。在我们的项目过程中，我们计划绘制出东部<s:1>特尔佩隆尼亚的全景图。这包括对岩石和骨骼技术和类型学的概述，研究区域内遗址的相似性，以及这些遗址与西部chaltelperronian遗址的比较。为此目的，我们计划记录和分析东部遗址Grotte du Renne、St vallsamrin、St dsamset和St Aubin （Bourgogne）的文物，以及Haute-Saône遗址（Frettes、Trou de la m<e:1> re Clochette、私人收藏家的文物）。通过在chaltelperron进行小范围的探测，我们试图回答这个地点可能存在奥里尼亚期和chaltelperron期间层作用的问题。通过与斯瓦本汝拉最古老的奥里尼亚纪的技术比较，我们试图估计，ch<s:1>特珀罗尼纪和奥里尼亚纪之间的联系似乎是可能的，或者可以排除。

This research project focuses on the lithic technology of the eastern Châtelperronian, a spatiotemporal unit at the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Though its the main distribution lies in Western France, the most distinct indications for the existence of so-called “culturally modern” artefacts in the Châtelperronian were found in sites of Eastern France, mainly in Grotte du Renne (Arcy-sur-Cure). Among those artefacts are ornaments, osseous tools and pigments. At Grotte du Renne, these artefacts were associated with human remains, which are attributed to Neanderthals. However, the integrity of the stratigraphy of this old-excavated site is often criticized and there exists no comparable association of Neanderthal remains with culturally modern artefacts at any other site.This is why, for many years, my research team has been focusing on Eastern France, to test the formation of the Châtelperronian at a site close to Arcy. Due to its relative proximity to the Swabian Jura and its old Aurignacian, this region also offers the opportunity to test existing acculturation hypotheses for the Châtelperronian and the Aurignacian and hence the question of a possible contact between Neanderthals and Anatomically Modern Humans. Central to this question is the site Germolles, which has been studied by my team for many years. It is the easternmost known site of the Châtelperronian. However, the existence of Châtelperronian points made of tertiary flint of the Mont-lès-Étrelles region hints to an extension of the Châtelperronian even further to the East. In this region, the two sites Trou de la Mère Clochette and Frettes (both Haute-Saône) exhibit artefacts with a Châtelperronian affinity.My team has also been working at the eponym site of the Châtelperronian, Châtelperron (Allier), where there exists an ongoing debate about the possibility of an interstratification of Châtelperronian and Aurignacian layers. However, because of the old age of the excavation, this question has not yet been settled.In the course of our project, we plan to map out a broad picture of the eastern Châtelperronian. This includes an overview of the lithic and osseous technology and typology, the similarities of the sites inside the research area, and a comparison between these sites and those of the western Châtelperronian. For this purpose, we plan to record and analyse the artefacts of the eastern sites Grotte du Renne, St Vallérin, St Désert und St Aubin (Bourgogne), as well as the sites of the Haute-Saône (Frettes, Trou de la Mère Clochette, artefacts from private collectors). By conducting a small-area sondage at Châtelperron we try to contribute to answering the question of a possible interstratification of Aurignacian and Châtelperronian at this site. Through a technological comparison with the oldest Aurignacian of the Swabian Jura we try to estimate, if a contact between the Châtelperronian and Aurignacian populations seems possible or can be ruled out.