Serial handaxe production in Charbonnières? A technological investigation of the regular recurrence of the handaxe in the context of the late Middle Palaeolithic and its implication for the socio-economic behaviour of the Neanderthal on the example of the

在 Charbonnières 批量生产手斧？

• 批准号: 513984209
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Harald Floss
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/513984209?language=en
• 关键词: Serial; handaxe; production; Charbonni; res

In the late Middle Palaeolithic, the artefact type handaxe re-entered the tool spectrum of Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. The Moustérien de Tradition Acheuléenne (MTA) and the Moustérien à petit biface are particularly well known examples for this.In the project presented here, the phenomenon of specialised workplaces is investigated. It focuses on the Charbonnières site, located ten kilometres north of Mâcon (Burgundy). The site is composed of more than ten individual find zones. Charbonnières has been the focus of amateur archaeologists for more than 100 years, who have recovered artefacts of the palaeolithic period. Particularly noteworthy is the enormous quantity of handaxes.Until 2021, almost exclusively surface finds had been investigated. In the summer of 2021, a first excavation was carried out by the University of Tübingen under the direction of David Boysen and Harald Floss. The aims of the sondage were to gain insight into the geological and stratigraphical situation of the site and to search for stratified and datable artefacts. Within the scope of the sondage, a location to the north of the known handaxe concentration "Atelier" was selected, because this site had not experienced any invasive agricultural use to date. An area of 2 square metres was excavated. The discovery of a handaxe in stratified context and the excellent preservation of the former Palaeolithic surface should be emphasised. It consists exclusively of raw material nodules, cores, production debris, blanks and tools. In total, more than 3000 lithic objects could be documented. The state of preservation of the objects is remarkable. They are sharp-edged and there are no traces of displacement. In summary, this is a Palaeolithic work site whose surface has been excellently preserved by slowly accumulating aeolian sediments. In the present project, the Charbonnières site will be investigated. On the one hand, the focus is on the question of the role of the site in the region in the Late Middle Palaeolithic: Can Charbonnières be regarded as a place of specialised handaxe production? For this purpose, the material from Charbonnières will be compared with artefacts from other inventories. Within this framework, the technotypological characteristics of the handaxes will be considered. By further excavation of the Palaeolithic horizon planned for summer 2022, the nature and organisation of this Late Middle Palaeolithic work site will be analysed: how did people in the Late Middle Palaeolithic organise their work sites? Can a statement be made about the approximate quantity of handaxes produced? Is it possible to draw conclusions about the lifespan of the workshop? What is the variability of the handaxes? How widespread is the distribution of handaxes produced in Charbonnières?

在旧石器时代中期晚期，人工制品类型的手斧重新进入旧石器时代狩猎采集者的工具谱。Moustérien de Tradition Acheuléenne（MTA）和Moustérien à petit biface是这方面的著名例子。在这里介绍的项目中，研究了专业化工作场所的现象。它的重点是位于马孔（勃艮第）以北10公里处的Charbonnières遗址。该遗址由十多个独立的发现区组成。100多年来，Charbonnières一直是业余考古学家的焦点，他们已经恢复了旧石器时代的文物。特别值得注意的是手斧的数量巨大。直到2021年，几乎只有地表发现被调查。2021年夏天，图宾根大学在大卫·博伊森和哈拉尔德·弗洛斯的指导下进行了第一次挖掘。这次探测的目的是深入了解该遗址的地质和地层情况，并寻找分层和可确定年代的人工制品。在挖掘范围内，选择了已知的手斧集中地“Atelier”以北的一个地点，因为该地点迄今为止尚未经历过任何侵入性农业使用。挖掘面积为2平方米。应强调在分层环境中发现手斧和对旧石器时代表面的良好保护。它完全由原材料结核、岩心、生产碎屑、毛坯和工具组成。总共有3000多件石器被记录下来。这些文物的保存状况令人瞩目。它们边缘锋利，没有移位的痕迹。总之，这是一个旧石器时代的工作地点，其表面已被风成沉积物缓慢积累保存得很好。在本项目中，将对Charbonnières场址进行调查。一方面，重点是该地区在旧石器时代中期晚期的作用问题：Charbonnières是否可以被视为专门生产手斧的地方？为此目的，将把来自Charbonnières的材料与来自其他库存的人工制品进行比较。在这个框架内，手斧的技术类型学特征将被考虑。通过对计划于2022年夏季进行的旧石器时代地平线的进一步挖掘，将分析这个旧石器时代中期晚期工作场所的性质和组织：旧石器时代中期晚期的人们是如何组织他们的工作场所的？能否说明手斧的大致产量？是否有可能得出关于讲习班寿命的结论？手斧的可变性是什么？沙博尼埃生产的手斧分布有多广？