Exploration of cometary dust and debris through meteor observations and modelling

我们想要通过对所谓的英仙座流星雨的观测来了解彗星物质的性质、起源和演化。英仙座流星雨是由哈雷型彗星109P/Swift-Tuttle产生的，每年重复出现一次。我们使用了由SPOSH相机在多年(2009-2016)的观测活动中产生的新的和独特的数据，SPOSH相机是一种最先进的成像器和光学系统，优化用于记录短暂的天文现象。根据观测，我们将确定流星的轨道和光度学光曲线，我们希望从这些流星获得彗星流星轨迹的新的时空模型，包括它观察到的子结构。获得的数据将使用过去几年开发的专用软件包进行简化。该软件的性能将通过对地球轨道卫星的双站观测来验证，其中一些卫星在我们多年的数据集中可用。最后，我们将应用这个新的英仙座模型来模拟从其他有利位置，例如从地球轨道，也就是从大气层上方观测到的气流的条件。我们还将研究其他行星大气层中的流星，特别是金星和火星，目标是为未来的太空行动优化观测策略和仪器设计。我们还计划利用SPOSH相机进行新的观测，并研究未来几年预测的其他流星雨的爆发。假设战役成功，获得的数据将会减少，结果将与我们的英仙座模型进行比较。

We want to understand the nature, origin and evolution of cometary material through observations of the so-called “Perseids”, i.e., the annually recurrent meteor shower, originating from Halley-type comet 109P/Swift-Tuttle. We use new and unique data, which have been produced in a multi-year (2009 – 2016) observing campaign by the SPOSH camera, a state-of-the-art imager and optical system optimised for recording short-lived astronomical phenomena. From the observations we will determine orbits and photometric lightcurves for the meteors from which we want to obtain a new temporal/spatial model of the comet’s meteoroid trail, including its observed substructures. The obtained data will be reduced with a dedicated software package, developed in the past years. The performance of the software will be validated through dual-station observations of Earth-orbiting satellites, a few of which are available in our multi-year data set. Finally, we will apply this new Perseid model for simulations of observing conditions of the stream from alternative vantage points such as from Earth orbit, i.e., from above the atmosphere. We will also study meteors within the atmospheres of other planets, specifically Venus and Mars, with the goal of optimising observation strategies and instrument designs for future spaceborne campaigns. We also plan to carry out new observations with the SPOSH cameras and study outbursts of other meteor showers, predicted for the coming years. Assuming successful campaigns, the acquired data will be reduced and the results will be compared with our model of the Perseids.