Degradation and behaviour of plastics and microplastic particles in technical systems of water and waste management (C05+)

子项目C05的目的是调查塑料作为微塑料（MP）从技术工厂进入环境的重要途径。同时，将探索一种新的方法，通过避免或减少MP来改善商品塑料的环境相容性。为此，聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、尼龙、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚异戊二烯和聚氯乙烯的表面性质将通过促进剂（原位）改性以形成生物膜，从而使塑料在工艺条件下可用于生物降解。根据这一概念，商品塑料在MP颗粒形成方面也可以变得与环境相容。因此，分项目C05的范围超出了对技术工厂和环境中的MP的描述性研究。以下中心问题将在子项目C05中解决，涉及废物和废水管理技术工厂中的MP颗粒：1.植物中是否存在特殊的降解过程？2.塑料颗粒的材料性质、成分、尺寸、形态和涂层对植物中的降解过程有何影响？3.在植物生长之前或植物生长过程中，对颗粒表面进行可控的改性，能否加速生物降解？4.改性颗粒在环境中特别是土壤中的扩散会产生什么样的生态后果？

The aim of sub-project C05 is the investigation of an important entry path for plastics from technical plants into the environment as microplastic (MP). Simultaneously a new approach will be explored for improved environmental compatibility of commodity plastics by avoidance or reduction of MP. For this purpose the surface properties of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, nylon, poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyisoprene and poly(vinyl chloride) will be modified by accelerators (in situ) for biofilm formation and thereby make the plastic under process conditions available for biodegradation. Following this concept also commodity plastics could become environmentally compatible with regard to MP-particle formation. With this the sub-project C05 reaches out beyond the descriptive studies on MP in technical plants and the environment. The following central questions will be addressed in sub-project C05 with respect to MP-particles in technical plants for waster- and wastewater management: 1. Are in plants special degradation processes occuring? 2. What is the impact of the nature of the material, the composition, the size, the morphology and coatings of plastic particles on degradation processes in the plants? 3. Can the biodegradation be accelerated by controlled modification of particle surface before or in the plants? 4. What ecological consequence will have the spreading of modified particles in environment, in particular to soil?