From Flux Emergence to Decay – A High-resolution Study of Sunspots

了解不断变化的太阳是现代天体物理学中的一个挑战，对人类有直接的影响，其中空间天气的影响和对地球气候的影响是最突出的。太阳黑子是造成太阳时变特性的主要物体。太阳黑子生长和衰变的高分辨率观测——从简单的黑子到复杂的活跃区域，这些活跃区域嵌入在复杂的光球等离子体流中——需要提高我们对磁场产生和消散的认识。等离子体和磁场的相互作用将通过新一代望远镜和专门用于观测基本磁结构尺寸的后聚焦仪器进行研究。将采用专门的观测策略来获得太阳黑子的多波长观测，目的是仔细研究太阳各大气层的相关流动和磁场。这些高分辨率的观测将与太空任务的观测相辅相成。该研究项目的主要目标是根据流动和磁场特性构建太阳黑子生长和衰减的全面图景。

Understanding the ever changing Sun is a challenge in modern astrophysics and has direct consequences for mankind of which space weather effects and influences on Earth’s climate are the most prominent ones. Sunspots are the prime objects contributing to the time-varying properties of the Sun. High-resolution observations of growth and decay of sunspots – starting from simple spots to complex active regions, which are embedded in complex photospheric plasma flows – are needed to advance our knowledge of generating and dissipating magnetic fields. This interaction of plasma and magnetic fields will be studied with a new generation of telescopes and post-focus instruments specifically tailored towards observing the fundamental magnetic structure size. Dedicated observing strategies will be employed to obtain the multi-wavelength observations of sunspots with the aim to scrutinize the associated flows and magnetic fields in various solar atmospheric layers. These high-resolution observations will be complemented with observations from space mission. The main goal of this research project is to construct a comprehensive picture of a sunspot’s growth and decay in terms of flows and magnetic field properties.