Metabolic-cognitive control of food choices and long-term dietary success in aging

长期减肥维持是肥胖治疗的主要挑战，关键取决于对享乐性饮食的控制。在我们之前的项目中，我们成功地确定了在正常和病理条件下，中枢胰岛素对快乐食物评价的作用，我们现在将重点研究人类功能性和功能性食物选择的代谢-认知机制和长期后果。在这里，我们将把我们之前建立的鼻内胰岛素功能磁共振成像方法扩展到个性化的食物选择任务，通过将参与者的注意力集中在短期（如味道）和长期（如健康）刺激特征上来操纵自我控制。这允许在单个运行中解开代谢和认知奖励调节，从而提取独立的，共同的和互动的（例如代偿）过程。在第一部分中，预期的前额叶-中脑边缘调节对食物价值信号和饮食选择的影响将在正常体重的年轻人样本中进行表征。在第二部分中，我们将在老年糖尿病前期节食者和瘦对照者的大样本中调查这些影响，我们从3.5年前的上一个项目中获得了基线神经行为和胰岛素数据。一方面，这允许评估潜在的年龄和体重对前额叶-中脑边缘食物选择调节的影响。此外，这种纵向方法使我们能够确定代谢-认知预测因素和2型糖尿病高风险组在3.5年后成功体重管理的后果。这种方法将帮助我们确定享乐性食物摄入的调节剂，并将获得的知识转移到风险人群的研究中。

Long-term weight loss maintenance is the main challenge of obesity treatment and critically depends on the control of hedonic eating. Based on the successful identification of the role of central insulin for hedonic food valuation under normal and pathological conditions in our previous project, we will now focus on the metabolic-cognitive mechanisms and long-term consequences of functional and dysfunctional food choices in humans. Here, we will extend our previously established intranasal insulin fMRI approach to an individualized food choice task that manipulates self-control by focusing participants’ attention on short- (i.e. taste) and long- (i.e. healthiness) term stimulus features. This allows for disentangling metabolic and cognitive reward regulation within a single run and thus the extraction of independent, common and interactive (e.g. compensatory) processes. In the first part, the impact of expected prefrontal-mesolimbic regulation on food value signals and dietary choices will be characterized in a sample of normal weight young adults. In the second part, we will investigate these effects in a large sample of older pre-diabetic dieters and lean controls from whom we have baseline neurobehavioral and insulin data from our 3.5 years ago previous project. On the one hand, this allows for the evaluation of potential age and weight effects on prefrontal-mesolimbic food choice regulation. Moreover, this longitudinal approach enables us to identify metabolic-cognitive predictors and consequences of successful weight management after 3.5 years in a high risk group for type 2 diabetes. This approach will help us to identify modifiers of hedonic food intake and to transfer acquired knowledge into studies of risk populations.