Studies of developmental physiology of cell differenciation in crop tissues and cells cultured, in vitro.

作物组织和细胞离体培养细胞分化的发育生理学研究摘要利用植物组织和细胞培养技术，可以控制和调节植物细胞的生长和分化过程。以马铃薯（Solanus tuberosum L.）为材料，研究了马铃薯块茎、水稻体细胞胚和不定芽的形成与某些激素和环境条件对作物细胞生长和分化基因的诱导和表达的影响。cv Irish Cobbler和cv May Queen）和水稻植物（OryLa sativa L.为了研究马铃薯块茎形成的过程，人们利用马铃薯块茎中的主要蛋白质，如马铃薯糖蛋白、22 kDa蛋白家族和蛋白酶抑制剂等，作为生物化学物质，对马铃薯块茎形成过程进行了研究。 ...更多信息 卡尔马克。我们建立了一个试管块茎的cDNA文库，并以叶片的mRNA为模板，通过差异筛选获得了一个块茎特异性cDNA克隆cPTI。马铃薯Kunitz型蛋白酶抑制剂（PKTI）基因在贮藏14个月和收获后2个月的马铃薯圆片中均有表达，在马铃薯圆片中加入茉莉酸（JA）[3-oxo-2-（2 ′-顺-戊烯基）-环戊烷-1-乙酸]，处理24小时后在10 μ M时活性最高。在含有2.0-20.0mg/l 2，4-D、30 g/l蔗糖的改良Murashige和Skoog培养基上，从稗草成熟种子中诱导出愈伤组织。添加4 mg/l色氨酸可提高愈伤组织的诱导率。愈伤组织在含6.0mg/l 2.4-D、30 g/l蔗糖的培养基上继代培养。在MS培养基中加入不同浓度的2，4-D（0.05- 0.5mg/l）、2，4-D（0.05mg/l）+BA（3.0mg/l）、2，4-D（0.05mg/l）+激动素（5.0mg/l）或玉米素（2.0mg/l），在光照条件下可获得再生植株。再生植株中正常植株占55%，异常植株（白化病等）占45%。通过在培养基中添加阿坝和脯氨酸，观察了水稻植株再生过程及其与细胞硝酸还原酶活性的关系。用2，4-D、BA、激动素和玉米素等培养基成分不能成功地控制胚状体和器官发生的比例。少

Studies on developmental physiology of cell differentiation in crop tissues and cells cultured, in vitro.AbstractBy employing plant tissue and cell culture techniques, the process of growth and differentiation of plant cells can be controlled and modified. An investigation was undertaken with the hope that some clue might be found as to the relationship between the formation of tubers in potato, somatic embryos and of adventitious shootbuds in rice cells cultured, in vitro, and the effects of certain hormonal and enviromental conditions on the induction and expression of genes for the growth and differentiation of the crop cells.The material used was potato plant (Solanus tuberosum L. cv Irish Cobbler and cv May Queen) and rice plant (OryLa sativa L. cv Ishikari) and Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing).In order to study the process of tuberization in potato, the major turber proteins, such as patatin, 22 k Da protein family, and proteinase inhibitors have been used as biochemi … More cal markers. We established a cDNA library from 'in vitro' tubers (cv Irish Cobbler), and a tuber specific cDNA clone, cPTI, was isolated by differential screening with the mRNA from leaves. The nucleotide sequence and the corresponding amino acid sequence were deduced.Transcripts of a potato Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor (PKTI) gene were present in discs excised from tubers stored for 14 months as well as in those from 2 months after harvested, and the PKTI gene expression was induced in potato discs by the addition of jasmonic acid (JA) [3-oxo-2-(2'-cis-pentenyl)-cyclopentane-l-acetic acid], the most actively at 10 muM after 24 h treatment. While, the patatin transcripts were also present in discsfrom stored tubers but less than those of the PKPI transcripts.Callus was initiated from mature seed of Barnyardgrass on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.0-20.0mg/1 2, 4-D, 30g/1 sucrose. The rate of callus initiation was increased with the addition of 4mg/1 Tryptophan. Calluses were subcultured in medium containing 6.0mg/1 2.4-D, 30g/1 sucrose. The plantlets were regenerated under the light on MS medium involving various hormonecombination (0.05- 0.5mg/1 2, 4-D ; 0.05mg/1 2, 4-D plus 3.0mg/1 BA ; 0.05mg/1 2, 4-D plus 5.0mg/1 kinetin or 0.05mg/1 2, 4-D plus 2.0mg/1 zeatin). In the regenerated plantlets, there were normal plant 55% and abnormal plant 45% (albino etc.).The processes of plantlet regeneration of rice were also observed through the supplementation of ABA and proline in medium with the relation this to the activity of nitrate reductase of cells. The proportion of embryogenesis and organgenesis could not be successfully controlled by medium ingredients using 2, 4-D, BA, kinetin and zeatin. Less