Studies on school building environments by comparison of wooden school buildings and concrete school buildings -Effects of school buildings on educational activities of students and teachers-

首先，我们在全国范围内调查了两种建筑材料不同的学校建筑对师生身心状态的影响。其次，我们调查了几年前我们研究过的同一山区两所不同学校儿童心理状态和健康状况的差异。第三，我们研究了上述两所对象学校中教师和学生使用课堂的差异。结果如下：在对师生健康状况的调查中，我们发现在混凝土校舍工作的女教师比在木制校舍工作的女教师更紧张，生理状况更差。另外，在混凝土教室里学习的学生也抱怨说，他们的身体比在木头教室里学习的学生更累，头疼和胃痛也更多。此外，两种类型的教学楼在学生伤害发生率和学生去医院就诊的倾向上都存在显著差异。当学生被问及目标学校的伤害原因时，发现在木结构学校中，由于粗心造成的原因更多，例如：“我行为不小心”或“我心不在焉”，而在混凝土建造的学校里，原因往往归咎于其他学生的行为，例如：“打架”或“我被推了”。在对象学校儿童的心理状态上，木质校舍儿童的情绪稳定程度高于混凝土校舍儿童。特别是，女孩比男孩更容易接近他们的环境。混凝土教学楼女生在抑郁、循环倾向、自卑感和紧张情绪上均较高；也就是说，她们的情绪比木质校舍里的女生更不稳定。学生作品和教材的张贴是教育活动的主要方式之一。我们比较了两种教学楼教室里张贴的作品和材料的数量。我们发现张贴的作品和资料是原来的三倍，学生们在木质校舍的教室里积极参与张贴活动。少

First, we conducted a nationwide survey on how physical and mental states of teachers and students were influenced by the two kinds of school buildings that were different in building materials. Second, we examined the difference of children's psychological states and health conditions in two different schools in the same mountain area where we studied several years ago. Third, we studied the difference of how teachers and students used their classroom in the two object schools mentioned above.Results were as following. In the survey on hearth conditions of teachers and students, we found that female teachers who worked in concrete school buildings were more nervous, in worse physiological condition than counterparts who worked in wooden school buildings. Also, students who spent their school lives in concrete school buildings complained that they were more tired physically, and had more head-aches and stomach-aches than students that spent their school lives in wooden school buildings … More . Moreover, there was the significant difference between the two kinds or school buildings on both the rate or students injury occurrence and the inclination for students to visit an infirmary.When students were asked about causes of injuries in the objet schools, it was found that there were more causes causes attributed to carelessness in a wooden-built school, e. g. "l behaved carelessly" or "I was absent-minded", while in the concrete-built school, causes tended to be attributed to other students' actions, e. g. "fight" or "I was pushed".On the psychological state of children in the object schools, children in the wooden school building were more emotionally-stable, and less aggressive than children in the concrete school building. Especially, girls were more accessible to their environment than boys. Girls of the concrete school building were higher in depression, cyclic tendency, feelings of inferiority, and nervousness ; that is, less emotionally-stable than girls of the wooden school building.The posting of student works and teaching materials is one of the major methods of educational activities. We compared the quantity of the works and materials posted in a classroom in two kinds of school buildings. We found that there were three times as many as the posted works and materials, and students were active in the posting activity in the classroom of the wooden school building. Less