The Cognitive-Motivational Study of the Mechanism of Knowledge Learning and Knowledge Use

1.语篇分析的对象是国小三年级社会科课堂上的口头协议。结果发现，55%的学生的话语是肯定的，34%是否定的，只有11%是中性的。另一方面，教师的大部分话语被认为是中性的。对话语的分类进行了详细的研究.对HAIKU的检索过程进行了研究。HAIKU的检索顺序为3个短语（5-7-5）.概念获得是认知科学的重要课题之一。从人类认知心理学、机器学习和概念发展的角度综述了概念习得研究的最新进展和存在的问题.本文综述了80年代中期以来词汇歧义研究的进展和存在的问题。这一领域的中心议题是语境对消歧过程的影响。虽然传统的多通道模型和选择性通道模型是两种主要的模型，但需要包括多重意义激活、上下文敏感和频率依赖的混合模型，联结主义是一个很有前途的框架.作为认知与情绪关系研究的一个尝试，本研究考察了音乐中违背期望对情绪反应的影响。结果发现，中等程度的违背期望对情绪反应的影响最大。大学生的学习观主要有三种：成绩取向、任务取向和过程取向.对Bowlby的内部工作模型概念进行了回顾，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.研究了对象标签的学习过程，检验了互斥性假设。

1. The discourse analyzes were done on the verbal protocoles gathered in the classes of social studies of elementary third graders. It was found that 55% of pupils' utterances was affirmative to someone's preceding utterances, 34% was negative, and only 11% was neutral. On the other hand, most of the teacher's utterances was found to be neutral. The classification of utterances was made more in detail.2. The retrieval process of HAIKU was examined. HAIKU was found to be retrived in the order of three phrases (5-7-5).3. Concept acquisition is one of the major themes is cognitive science. The recent advances and issues of concept acquisition research were reviewed from the viewpoints of human cognitive psychology, machine learning, and conceptual development.4. The advances and issues in lexical ambiguity research after mid-80s were reviewed. The central topic in this area is context effects on disambiguation processes. Although multiple access model and selective access model are traditionally two major models, hybrid models which include activation of multiple meanings, context-sensitivity, and frequency-dependency are needed, and connectionism is a promising framework.5. As an attempt of research on the relationship between cognition and emotion, the effects of violating expectancies in music on emotional responese were examined. It was found that moderate degree of violating expecancies showed strongest effects on emotional responses.6. College students' were found to have three learning conceptions : performance orientation, task orientation and process orientation.7. Bowlby's concept of internal working models were reviewed and the directions of future research were discussed.8. Learning process of object labels was studied and mutual exclusivity hypothesis was examined.