A Study on Effective Guidance for Children's Invention in Invention Clubs, Schools, and Homes.

本研究的主要目的是找出日本“发明俱乐部”中指导儿童发明的有效方法。对各发明俱乐部教师进行问卷调查，对70项指导内容的实践程度和有效性进行了问卷调查。通过因子分析，分别发现了影响感知有效性的6个因素和影响实践的6个因素。各俱乐部的孩子是否获得了全国发明大赛的奖项，对因素得分进行了比较。获奖俱乐部的效率因素与实践因素之间存在很强的相关性。此外，在儿童的发明活动中，获奖社团的教师似乎不提供间接指导，使儿童形成观察的习惯，而是更倾向于直接指导，由一系列的指导组成。然而，也有许多重要的指导方法是在非奖项扶轮社中评估的，因此，在未来应该从其他标准来考虑教育的有效性。

The main purpose of this research was to identifi the effective methods for guiding children's invention in Japanese "invention clubs." The survey for instructors at invention clubs were carried out, and the degree of practice and effectivity on 70 items of guidance was asked. Six factors of preceived effectivity, and six of practice were found by factor analysis, respectively. The factor scores were compared between whether or not the children in the clubs received the Award of National Invention Concours. There was a strong correlation between the factors of effectivity and those of practice for the award winning clubs. Moreover, the instructors in award winning clubs seemed not to provide indirect guidance which made children to form habit of observation, but preferred to do direct guidance which consisted of a seriesof guidances during children's invention activity. However, there are also many important guidance methods that are evaluated in non-award clubs, so educational effectivity should be considered in terms of other criteria in future.