Silver halide recording materials and their processing for hardened-gelatin volume phase holograms

研究了制作与传统重铬酸盐明胶全息图相似的硬化明胶体相位全息图的银记录材料的基本设计和加工方法。最好的超细颗粒乳剂是染料增感的含20摩尔%氯化物的氯溴化正染乳剂，通过以下方法制备：在最短的时间内通过双喷射法在少量过量的卤素离子下使用抑制剂富含明胶进行乳化。乳化后，立即使用无水乙醇通过絮凝将乳液脱盐，以防止不希望的奥斯特瓦尔德熟化的进展。亚硫酸盐化学增感能有效地提高感光度，而不改变乳胶粒的平均粒径和粒径分布以及特性曲线的形状。该乳剂的涂敷应尽量减少全息干涉条纹在处理过程中的应变和畸变。在适当的银胶比和适当厚度的适度硬化涂层中，可以得到硬化明胶体相位全息图。涂层的均匀性和平整度也是重要的要求。在加工过程中，铬离子的生成速度和与明胶的交联速度之间的平衡是最重要的。硫酸盐饱和漂白剂的应用效果较好。不需要额外的处理步骤，例如中间干燥、中间固定等。

Fundamental design and processing method of silver halide recording materials to make hardened-gelatin volume phase holograms, whose holographic characteristics are similar to those of conventional dichromate gelatin holograms were investigated. The best ultrafine-grain emulsion was dye sensitized orthochromatic chloro-bromide one containing 20 mole % of chloride, prepared by follows; The emulsification was done in the shortest time by double-jet method under little excess halide ions using restrainer-rich gelatin. After emulsification, the emulsion was desalted immediately by flocculation using absolute alcohol to prevent the progress of undesired Ostwald ripening. Chemical sensitization by sulfite was effective to increase the sensitivity without changing the average size and size-distribution of emulsion grains and the shape of the characteristic curve. The coating of above emulsion had to be minimized the strain and the distortion of recorded holographic interference fringes image during processing. The hardened-gelatin volume phase hologram was produced in the moderate hardened coatingof reasonable thickness with proper silver-gelatin ratio. Uniformity and flatness of the coating were also important requirements. In the Processing, the balance between the rate of formation of chromic ions and the rate of cross-rinking with gelatin in tanning-bleach was most important. The use of the sulfate-saturated tanning bleach led to better result. Additional processing steps, for example, intermediate drying, intermediate fixation, etc. was not necessary.