USEFULNESS OF SALIVA TO DETECT ANTIBODIES AGAINST VIRUSES IN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

流行病学研究中采集血液标本的缺点是过程痛苦，需要经过医学培训的人员和一次性消毒的注射器。建立了一种检测唾液中单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）抗体的ELISA方法（ABC-ELISA），并观察了健康学生和女澡房工作人员唾液中单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）抗体的流行情况。对198名护士学校和医学院健康学生和191名女澡堂工作人员进行了血清和唾液配对检测。间接ELISA法和ABC-ELISA法分别用1:20 00和1:10稀释血清和唾液标本。抗人IgG和亲和素生物素复合物的生物素化抗体购自Vector公司（Burlingame, california, usa）。获得病毒与对照抗原的光密度（OD）差值，并从50多份阴性样品中测定ABC-ELISA的d-OD（平均+3SD）临界值。与血清中HSV抗体检测结果比较，唾液中ABC-ELISA检测的敏感性为93.3%，特异性为100%。ABC-ELISA法的敏感性高于间接ELISA法。ABC-ELISA阳性病例血清和唾液检测结果有显著相关性。74份血清阳性唾液标本中，3份ABC-ELISA阴性。3例患者血清d-OD值均较低。澡堂女工唾液HSV抗体阳性率为84.3%（161/191）。20 ~ 29岁年龄组HSV抗体阳性率为65%，30 ~ 39岁年龄组阳性率为89%，* 40岁年龄组阳性率为94%。最年轻澡堂工人组唾液HSV抗体阳性率明显高于护生组（43.5%）。横滨市居民血清HSV抗体阳性率20 ~ 29岁人群为41%，30 ~ 39岁人群为63%，40 ~ 49岁人群为82%。结果表明，各年龄段澡房工人与居民HSV抗体阳性率有显著性差异。从单纯疱疹病毒流行数据可以看出，澡房工人是单纯疱疹病毒传播的高危人群。虽然ABC-ELISA法检测唾液的敏感性有待提高，但上述结果提示，唾液在流行病学研究中检测HSV抗体是有用的。少

Collection of blood specimens in epidemiological studies has disadvantages that is the procedure with painful, requirement of medically trained personnel and the sterilized disposable syringes. We established a sensitive ELISA method (ABC-ELISA) to detect the antibodies against herpes simplex virus (HSV) in saliva, and observed the prevalence among healthy students and female bath-house workers.Paired specimens of serum and saliva were collected from 198 healthy students of nurse school and medical school, and saliva specimens were obtained from 191 female bath-house workers. Serum and saliva specimens were diluted 1 : 400 and 1 : 5 for indirect ELISA and 1 : 2000 and 1 : 10 for ABC-ELISA respectively. The biotinylated antibody against human IgG and avidin biotin complex were purchased from Vector (Burlingame, Calif.U.S.A). The difference of optical density (OD) between virus and control antigen were obtained, and the cut-off valued of d-OD (mean+3SD) for ABC-ELISA were determined from … More negative samples.In comparison with the results of HSV antibody test on serum, the sensitivity and specificity for ABC-ELISA on saliva were 93.3% and 100% respectively. The sensitivity for ABC-ELISA was higher than that for indirect ELISA.The significant correlation between the results for positive cases by ABC-ELISA on serum and saliva was found. Of 74 saliva specimens from seropositives, three gave negative results on ABC-ELISA.The values of d-OD on serum of these 3 cases were low.The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among female bath-house workers was 84.3% (161/191). The positive rates of HSV antibody by age were 65% in the 20-29 age group, 89% in the 30-39 age group and 94% in the * 40 age group. The prevalence of HSV antibody in saliva among the youngest bath-house worker group was significantly higher than that of nurse students (43.5%). The positive rates of HSV antibody in serum among residents of Yokohama city were 41% in the 20-29 age group, 63% in the 30-39 age group and 82% in the 40-49 age group. It was indicated that there were significant difference on prevalence rates of HSV antibody by age group between bath-house workers and residents of Yokohoma. It can be considerable from the data on HSV prevalence that the bath-house workers is high risk group on HSV transmission.Though it is necessary to improve sensitivity of ABC-ELISA method for testing of saliva, the mentioned results suggested that saliva was useful for detection of antibodies to HSV in epidemiological studies. Less