Function of polydomy in monogynous ants

(1)In 1993年，我在富士山东坡（海拔1500米）建立了两个研究样地（6x12米和10x15米），分别绘制了约40个和70个野Manica yessensis的巢口。1994年，大部分的入口被M.yessensis打开并重新使用，但有些被Formica lemani占据。在本赛季后期，M.yessensis再次取代F.lemani占据的巢穴部分。这种频繁的变化，在巢所有权表明种间竞争的巢址之间的两个物种。(2)A在21个入口处捕获的总共约1000只Yessensis工蜂，在胃背上用彩色斑点标记。不同的颜色被用于识别最初观察到标记的工人的巢穴。后来重新捕获的标记蚂蚁表明，所有30个入口分布在一个5x5米的区域是同一个殖民地。（3）利用多位点DNA指纹技术，对3个叶蜂右蜂王群体的雌、雄后代（主要是成虫或蛹）与蜂王的个体遗传图谱进行比较。大多数雄性的DNA片段在蚁后中缺失，这表明这些雄性是由工蚁产下的卵发育而来的。

(1)In 1993, I set up two study plots (6x12 m and 10x15 m) on the east-slope of Mt.Fuji (alt.c.1500m), where about 40 and 70 nest entrances of Manica yessensis were mapped, respectively. In 1994, most of the entrances were opened and reused by M.yessensis, but some were occupied by Formica lemani. Later in the season, M.yessensis again replaced F.lemani in portions of nests occupied by the latter. This frequent change in nest ownership indicates the interspecific competition for nest sites between the two species.(2)A total of approximately 1000 workers of M.yessensis, which were captured at 21 entrances, were marked by color spot on the dorsum of the gaster. Different colors were used for discrimination of nests where the marked workers were initially observed. Later recapture of marked ants suggested that all 30 entrances distributed in a 5x5 m area were of the same colony.(3)Three queen-right colonies of M.yessensis were excavated and the individual genetic profiles were compared between the queen and the female and male offspring (mostly adult or pupal alates) in each colony, using multi-locus DNA fingerprinting. Most males had DNA fragments absent in the queens, indicating that those males had developed from worker-laid eggs.