‘Society’ versus ‘State’. Concepts of society in early German anarchist thought before and around 1848

本项目分析了1842年至1851年早期无政府主义思想中“社会”的概念（“社会”被呈现为“国家”的明显积极内涵的替代品）。这些概念在很大程度上受到了洛伦兹·斯坦（后来的“冯·斯坦”）社会概念的启发，这些概念是通过他1842年出版的《社会主义与共产主义》一书介绍给德国读者的。这些概念在德语国家很少受到关注，在过去的五十年里，这些国家对无政府主义的学术研究基本上是缺席的。核心是“ wahrer Sozialismus ”的报纸和期刊出版物，特别是特里尔《sche Zeitung》，多年来一直是其主要出版机构。对这些出版物的分析将使早期德国社会主义发展的新图景得以呈现，这一图景突出了其“无政府主义”和无政府主义的方面，并为马克思（以及后来的马克思主义者）提出的方式提供了实质性的纠正。“wahrer Sozialismus”的建议将理论生产与针对特定受众的呈现策略相结合，并在流行的报纸和期刊上呈现。这个项目展示了这些建议实际上是如何被新兴的工人运动所解释和整合的，并证明了它们在1848年革命时期主导了德国各州的社会主义话语。在他们的核心，这些“无政府主义”代表。无政府主义者的建议提供了“社会”的积极决定，承诺完全的自由——不受所有经济控制和所有国家政治权威的影响。正如将要展示的，正是“社会”概念的乌托邦式的不确定性，使得这种“wahr社会化主义”的建议对工匠和工人阶级具有吸引力。原始材料是由报纸和短暂的文学提供的，它们在哲学和政治研究中往往被边缘化。该项目将评估被忽视的报纸和期刊，并通过挖掘关于国家和社会主题的重要文本和话语线索，分析它们的“无政府主义”和无政府主义内容。它的目的是重振在国际比较中欠发达的德语地区的无政府主义研究。扩大了国际“经典”和“后经典”社会概念的视野，它还询问了无政府主义社会与国家的基本选择在“经典”无政府主义（克鲁泡特金，戈德曼）和“修正主义”重新概念化（布克钦）到当代无政府主义辩论（格雷伯，范德沃尔特，戈登）中扮演的角色。它包括对“社会”是否仍然可以被视为政治理论中相关概念这一备受争议的问题的见解。

This project analyses concepts of ‘society’ in early anarchist thought in the years from 1842 to 1851 (‘society’ was presented as a distinctly positively connotated alternative to ‘state’). These concepts were to a large degree inspired by the reception of Lorenz Stein’s (later ‘von Stein’) conceptions of society, which had been introduced to German audiences through his book, Der Socialismus und Communismus im heutigen Frankreich of 1842. These concepts have received little attention in German-speaking countries, where academic research on anarchism has been largely absent over the last five decades.Central are the newspapers and journal publications of ‘wahrer Sozialismus’, in particular the Trier’sche Zeitung, which functioned as its main publication organ for many years. Analysing these publications will allow a new picture of the development of early socialism in Germany to emerge, one that highlights its “anarchoid” and anarchistic aspects and offers a substantial corrective to the way it is presented by Marx (and later by the Marxists). Proposals for “wahrer Sozialismus” interwove theoretical production with a presentation strategy that targeted a specific audience and were presented in popular newspapers and journals. This project shows how these proposals were actually interpreted and integrated by the emerging workers’ movement and proves that they dominated socialist discourse in the German states into the revolutionary period of 1848. At their core, these “anarchoid” resp. anarchist proposals offered positive determinations of ‘society’ that promised undivided freedom – from all economic control and all state-political authority. As will be shown, it was precisely the utopian underdetermination of the ‘society’ concept that made such “wahrsozialistische” proposals attractive to artisans and the working class.Source material is provided by newspapers and ephemeral literature, which tend to be marginalized in philosophical and political research. The project will evaluate neglected newspapers and journals and analyse them for “anarchoid” and anarchist content by excavating significant texts and discoursive threads on the theme of state and society. It aims to reinvigorate research on anarchism in German-speaking regions, which is underdeveloped in international comparison. Expanding the horizons of international “classic” and “post-classic” concepts of society, it also asks what role the anarchist foundational alternative of society versus state plays in “classic” anarchism (Kropotkin, Goldman) and in “revisionist” reconceptualisations (Bookchin) up to contemporary anarchism debates (Graeber, van der Walt, Gordon). It includes insights into the much debated question of whether ‘society’ can still be seen as a relevant concept in political theory.