Indigenous Future-making versus the Westminster-modelled State: Exploring the Joys, Pains and Dreams of Maya women and Youth (on their terms)

摘要：土著社区继续遭到负面种族主义，并面临结构性暴力。尤其是，居住在伯利兹南部托莱多区的玛雅人继续生活在西方发展模式引发的冲突中，西方发展模式提倡采矿、伐木，以支持资本主义进程，这些进程代表着采掘业以出口自然资源。批判性学术发现，通过西方发展获得的资本主义与殖民权力的持续要素相对应。研究还表明，传统的西方发展对土著社区，特别是妇女和青年的福祉产生了负面影响。这场发展冲突给玛雅人民带来的后果是卫生服务不足、野生动物遭到破坏、传统药物的获取受到限制、土著传统受到威胁。国家权力的巩固、殖民资本主义和威斯敏斯特模式的治理导致了侵犯自由、事先和知情同意的行为，减少了获得土地的机会，降低了复原力，基于性别的暴力和企图消灭文化特性。该区域需要更多关于土著妇女和青年的经历和关切的数据--该项目有助于在批评以西方为中心的资本主义发展范式方面的理论对话，并建立在围绕玛雅人民争取自治斗争的经验文献的基础上。这项研究将通过与伯利兹玛雅社区的参与性研究，促进关于土著自决、基层发展、种族主义的社会空间进程以及建设可持续未来的学术研究。通过合作和以社区为基础的方法，我将探索特别针对玛雅妇女和青年的经历、与土地的关系以及幸福的概念。这项研究的直接目的是提高人们对玛雅社区成员的条款和偏好的认识。我的项目将突出玛雅妇女和青年的政治机构，通过基于欲望的方法来阐明她们的快乐、梦想和奋斗，这些方法在与土著人民的研究中优先考虑尊重、负责任、互惠和相关性(4R)。我的研究得到了玛雅领袖联盟和朱利安·赵协会的支持，这两个组织的动机是维持长期福祉，并动员社区为他们的权利、教育和研究倡议。该项目的质量设计包括参与性行动和民族志方法，主要是照片语音、基于艺术的设想、步行采访、焦点小组和集体反思。这些方法将与50名玛雅参与者在伯利兹进行更长时间的实地考察。通过在研讨会和AB‘inks(社区集会)的背景下利用基于梦想的方法来探索玛雅妇女和青年的个人故事和现实，数据将强调土著经验。Framing将对伯利兹的威斯敏斯特模式的州进行一次批判性的审讯。福柯的话语将与解放的后殖民批评对话，以分析国家权力和土著治理。取材于非殖民主义和土著文学，将建立对玛雅现实受到新自由主义政府和以西方为中心的发展影响的方式的批评。这项研究将说明玛雅社区(按照他们的条件和偏好)对殖民资本主义现代性和威斯敏斯特模式的国家做出反应的生活经历和“梦想”的未来。

Abstract: Indigenous communities continue to be negatively racialised and are exposed to structural violence. Particularly, Maya peoples residing in Belize's southern Toledo District persist in conflicts provoked by the Western developmental paradigm that promotes mining, logging in support of capitalist processes that are indicative of extractive industries for natural resource exportation. Critical scholarship has identified capitalist extraction via Western development to correspond with sustained elements of colonial power. Research also illustrates that conventional Western development negatively impacts the wellbeing of Indigenous communities, particularly women and youth. Outcomes of this developmental conflict for Maya peoples are inadequate access to health services, wildlife destruction, restrained access to traditional medicines, threats to Indigenous traditions. Consolidation of state power, colonial-capitalism, and Westminster-modelled governance has led to violations of Free, Prior and Informed Consent, reduction in land access, reduced resilience, gender-based violence and attempted annihilation of cultural identities. More data about experiences and concerns of Indigenous women and youth is required within the region - this project contributes to theoretical conversations in critique of Western-centric paradigms for capitalist development and builds on empirical literature surrounding the Maya peoples struggle for autonomy. This research will contribute to scholarship on Indigenous self-determination, grassroots development, socio-spatial processes of racialization, and construction of sustainable futures via participatory research with Maya communities in Belize. Through collaborative and community-based methods, I will explore experiences, relationships with land, and conceptions of wellbeing specifically for Maya women and youth. This research's impact directly aims to raise awareness of Maya on the terms and preferences of Maya community members. My project will highlight the political agency of Maya women and youth by illuminating their joys, dreams and struggles via desire-based approaches that prioritise Respect, Responsibly, Reciprocity and Relevance (the '4 R's) in relation to research with Indigenous people. My research is supported by the Maya Leaders Alliance and the Julian Cho Society - organisations motivated to sustain the long-term wellbeing, and mobilization of communities for their rights, education, and research initiatives. The projects qualitative design includes participatory action and ethnographic methods, primarily photovoice, art-based envisioning, walking interviews, focus groups, and collective reflection. These methods will be undertaken with 50 Maya participants over an extended period of fieldwork in Belize. Through exploring personal stories and realities of Maya women and youth by utilising dream-based methods within the setting of workshops and ab'inks (communal assemblies), data will emphasise Indigenous experience. Framing will develop a critical interrogation of Belize's Westminster-modelled state. Foucauldian discourse will be put into conversation with emancipatory postcolonial critique to analyse state power and Indigenous governance. Drawing from decolonial and Indigenous literature will build critique on the way Maya realities are impacted by neoliberal governmentality and Western-centric development. This research will illustrate the lived experiences and "dreamed-of" futures of Maya communities (on their terms and preferences) who are responding to colonial-capitalist modernity and a Westminster-modelled state.