Studies on the optimization of timber harvesting systems with highly mechanized forestry machines

本研究的目的是为日本山地森林的有组织的木材采伐技术提供一些基本信息，该技术将通过森林道路网络与高度机械化的林业机械（如移动的塔式集材机、采伐机、加工机和集材机）相结合设计的操作系统的优化来发展。根据应用形式的研究计划进行了年度研究，获得了以下结果：1.在超过25度左右的陡坡地形条件下，以下采伐系统在生产率、成本和环境安全操作实践方面上级现有采伐作业;用链锯砍伐，用移动的塔式集材机提取，用处理机造材，原木准备和用安装在抓斗起重机上的原木装载机在着陆处装载，2.在中等坡度的地形条件下， ...更多信息 在25度以下，以下两种类型的采伐系统在生产率、成本和环境安全操作实践方面特别上级现有的采伐操作：（1）用伐木集材机砍伐，用集材机提取，用处理机造材，用安装在抓斗起重机上的原木装载机在着陆处准备和装载原木，以及用伐木卡车运输。(2)用收割机砍伐和造材，用集材机采伐，用集材车运输。一般而言，前者适用于大规模采伐作业，后者适用于小规模采伐作业。3.结合林道布局及其密度要求，研究了移动的塔式集材机在日本山地森林等陡坡地形条件下的最优作业系统建模。对与高机械化林业机械相适应的林道结构标准进行了探讨，并提出了改进标准的建议。少

The purpose of this research project is to provide some basic information on well-organized timber harvesting technology for mountainous forests in Japan, which would develop through the optimization of operational system designed by the combination of forest road network and highly mechanized forestry machines, such as a mobile tower yarber, a harvester, a processor and a forwarder. An annual research was performed according to the research plan of application forms and the following results were obtained.1.In case of steep slope terrain conditions that exceed about 25 degree, the following harvesting system is superior in productivity, cost and environmentally safety operational practice to the existing harvesting operations ; felling with chainsaws, extraction with a mobile tower yarder, bucking with a processor, logs-preparation and loading at landing places with a log-loader mounted a grapple crane, and transportation with logging trucks.2.In case of moderate slope terrain conditi … More ons under 25 degree, the following two types of harvesting systems are especially superior in productivity, cost and environmentally safety operational practice to the existing harvesting operations ; (1) felling with a feller buncher, extraction with skidders, bucking with a processor, logs-preparation and loading at landing places with a log-loader mounted a grapple crane, and transportation with logging trucks. (2) felling and bucking with a harvester, logging with a forwarder, and transportation with logging trucks. As a general rule, the former is suitable for a large-scaled harvesting practice and the latter for a small-scaled harvesting practice.3.Modeling of the optimum operational system for a mobile tower yarder which is considered to be low-impact harvesting machines under steep slope terrain conditions, such mountainous forests as Japan, was studied in combination with forest road layout and its density require. The structural standards of forest roadsd corresponding to highly mechanized forestry machines were also discussed and some suggestions for standard improvement were finally proposed. Less