Considerations of Dental Health Care gor Aged People. The effect of hyposalivation on the oral environment and masticatory efficiency.

1）。本文观察了6例青年人在低唾液状态下对食物咀嚼时间和吞咽时食物团含水量的影响。选用米饭、饼干、香肠等食物，以硫酸阿托品0.5mg诱发唾液分泌减少。唾液的体积是通过从受试者正常咀嚼后的食物团中减去食物的初始重量来确定的，然后将其吐入称重的容器中，不吞咽。服用硫酸阿托品后60 min唾液流量下降约50%。唾液流率降低时，每口食物的咀嚼时间比唾液流率正常时显著延长（43-60%），但咀嚼后每团食物的含水量无显著差异。唾液流率是咀嚼效率的重要组成部分。为了检查唾液分泌减少对牙菌斑形成的影响，要求10名成年男性在48小时内避免所有口腔卫生程序，并在此期间吃相同的饭菜、零食和饮料。采用改良的Volpe法计算48小时后的斑块评分。有和没有阿托品的总菌斑评分颊侧高于舌侧，上牙高于下牙。当唾液流速降低时，总斑块评分显著高于流速正常时。这些结果表明，唾液流速降低可能会促进牙菌斑的积累。

1). The effect of hyposalivation on the chewing time of foods and the water content of the food bolus at the time of swalloing were examined in 6 young adults. The foods selected were steamed rice, cookis, and sausage, and hyposalivation was induced by taking 0,5mg of atropine sulfate. The volume of saliva was determined by subtractiong the initial weight of the food from that of the food bolus after the subjects had chewd it normally and then spat it into a weighed container, without swallowing. The salivary flow rate 60 min after taking atropine sulfate decreased about 50% of that of the normal flow rate. The chewing times per mouthful of food were significantly longer (by 43-60%) when the salivary flow rate was decreased than when flow rate was normal.but there were no significant difference in the water contents of each food bolus after chewing. It is concluded that salivary flow rate is an important component of masticatory efficiency.2). To examine the effect of hyposalivation on plaque accumlation, ten adult males were requested to refrain from all oral hygine procedures for 48 hours and to eat the same meals, snacks and drinks during that time. Plaque score after 48 hours was calculated with the modified Volpe's method. The total plaque score with and without atropine was higher on the buccal than the lingual surfaces and on the upper teeth than on the lower teeth. When salivary flow rate was decreased, the total plaque score was significantly higher than when flow rate was normal. These results suggest that a reduced salivary flow rate may promote plaque accumulation on the teeth.