Basic studies on the development of a low-cost artificial diet for the silkworms and the establishment of a year-round sericulture system

为了在日本建立常年养蚕体系，实现全年养蚕，生产优质蚕茧，振兴日本蚕业，研制了一种以豆腐渣为原料的新型人工饲料，可替代50%脱脂大豆粉饲养家蚕幼虫。开发了一种设备成本低的桑叶粉制备新方法--桑叶晒干法。确定了制备低成本人工饲料所需的桑叶干粉、其他主要原料和维生素、矿物质等次要添加剂的用量。建立了两种家蚕无菌饲养标准表，一种是杂交亲本家蚕，另一种是杂交种家蚕，在整个幼虫阶段进行两次或三次人工饲料饲养。…的标准预期结果建立了蚕体生长、化蛹率、成虫羽化率、产卵量等一年多蚕桑栽培体系，并对两个案例进行了一年养蚕设施的调查。其一是利用目前正在使用的设施。另一个是建造全新的设施。对无菌房间和无菌设施进行了评估。对人工饲料的制备机械进行了研究，并设计了一种新的设备，大大减少了所需劳动力。常年养蚕系统每月饲养两次，三次饲养法每年共饲养24次，结果如下。幼虫生长所需天数，24-25天。每箱收获的蚕茧量为32-35公斤。解体百分率，60-85%。生丝率为14.5-16.5%。茧丝长度1000-1150米。茧丝大小，约2.2-2.6旦尼尔。没有变黄的倾向。有光泽的特征。首次对幼虫全龄三次投喂的全年养蚕制度进行了人工、每项人工所需时间、所需费用和生产成本的计算。对使用目前提议的系统年产100吨蚕茧的工厂的盈利能力进行了评估。较少

The aim of the present study is to establish a year-round sericulture system to carry out a year-round sericulture in Japan, to produce high quality cocoons throughout the year, thereby to activate the sericultural industry in Japan.A new artificial diet was developed which included bean-curd lees, an industrial waste, in place of defatted soy bean powder as much as 50% for the grown silkworm larvae. A new preparation method of mulberry leaf powder with low facility cost, i.e., by drying mulberry leaves in the sun was developed. The required amount of dried mulberry leaf powder, other major raw materials and minor additives such as vitamins and minerals for the preparation of a low-cost artificial diet were established. Two types of a standard table for aseptically rearing silkworms, one for parent silkworm for hybridization, and another for hybrid races, on an artificial diet by twice or three times feedings throughout the larval stages was established. A standard expected results fro … More m a year-round sericulture system were established such as silkworm growth, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, amount of oviposition.Facilities needed for a year-round sericulture system were investigated for two cases. One is to exploit the facilities now in use. The other is to make completely new facilities. A germ-free room and germ-free facilities were evaluated. Machineries for the preparation of an artificial diet was investigated and a new facilities were devised to make a considerable reduction of required labor.A year-round sericulture system to rear silkworms twice a month, and total 24 times per year by the three times feeding method yielded the following results. Required days for larval growth, 24-25 days. Amount of harvested cocoons per one egg case, 32-35kg. Reelability percentage, 60-85%. Raw silk percentage of cocoon, 14.5-16.5%. Length of cocoon filament, 1000-1150m. Size of cocoon filament, approximately 2.2-2.6 deniers. No tendency to become yellowish. Lustrous characteristics. Items of labor and required time for each item of labor, required expenses and production cost were, for the first time, calculated for the year-round sericulture system of three times feedings method throughout the larval instars. Profitability of a plant to produce 100 tons of cocoons per year by using the presently proposed system was evaluated. Less