Study of the Relaxational Properties of Crystals, Glasses and Glassy Crystals.

物质在凝聚相中的振动自由度和构型自由度在松弛性质上有很大不同的时间尺度。振动弛豫发生在很短的时间内，可以用Eg来研究。振动光谱的线宽测量。构型驰豫通常是一个慢得多的过程，并用介电、机械和其他弛豫谱进行研究。这种自由度在构型无序的物质中被显著激发。在这个研究项目中，我们关注的是无序物质在热力学非平衡态下的驰豫性质。处于热力学非平衡状态的物质称为玻璃态物质。这样设想的玻璃态不仅可以出现在无定形物质中，也可以出现在无序晶体中。玻璃态物质的弛豫具有一个不寻常的性质，即温度甚至不能在局部定义。我们建造了一台模拟…装置更多地同时测量热释热和介电极化。通过绝热条件下样品的温度(即振动温度)的变化来测量热弛豫。温度的自发升高和自发下降分别表明构型热的降低和增加。以去极化电流作为极化驰豫的测量指标，对氰化锶、氰化钾-溴化钾固溶体、氢氧化锂掺杂冰和磷酸二氢铵-磷酸二氢钾固溶体进行了量热学研究。前三种物质分别在30K、27K和62K发生弛豫转变。弛豫时间和热容增量的分析表明，它们是玻璃晶体。最后一种物质的构型有序化没有引起热物性的异常。偏振弛豫测量目前正在进行中。较少

Vibrational and configurational degrees of freedom of a substance in a condensed phase have widely different time scales involved in their relaxational properties. The vibrational relaxation takes place in a short time that can be studied by eg. line width measurement of the vibrational spectra. The configurational relaxation is usually a much slower process and studied by dielectric, mechanical and other relaxational spectroscopies. This degree of freedom is excited significantly in configurationally disordered substances. In this research project we are concerned with the relaxational properties of disordered substances in the thermodynamic non-equilibrium state. A substance in thermodynamic non-equilibrium is called a glassy substance. The glassy state thus envisaged can occur not only in amorphous substances but also in disordered crystals. Relaxation in glassy substances has an unusual property that the temperature cannot be defined even locally.We constructed an apparatus for sim … More ultaneous measurement of the relaxation of the enthalpy and the dielectric polarization. The enthalpy relaxation is measured as a change of the temperature (ie., the vibrational temperature) of the sample kept in an adiabatic condition. Spontaneous rise and fall of the temperature indicate the decrease and increase, respectively, of the configurational enthalpy. The polarization relaxation is measured as the depolarization current.Rubidium cyanide, potassium cyanide-potassium bromide solid solutions, ice doped with lithium hydroxide and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-rubidium dihydrogen phosphate solid solutions were studied calorimetrically. The first three substances underwent relaxational transitions at 30 K, 27 K and 62 K, respectively. Analysis of the relaxation times and the increment of the heat capacities showed that they are glassy crystals. The configurational ordering in the last substance took place without causing anomalies in the thermal properties. The polarization relaxation measurement is now under way. Less