On Relation between Infant's Temperament, Mother-Infant Interaction and Formation of Self-Recognition

本研究的目的是探讨被称为婴儿先天性格的气质特征和母亲对护理的态度和行为特征对婴儿认知和社会情感发展的影响，特别是对婴儿在第二年出现的自我认知和语言能力的个体差异的影响。在本项目的最后一学年，在婴儿18个月和24个月时进行了两次调查，并对研究开始时的怀孕期和第一年（分娩、出生后1、3、8、12个月）的调查结果进行了全面分析。由于变量总数超过2000个（包括重复使用的变量），主要检查它们之间的相关性，以便减少变量并简要地查看结果。从相关性的检验中，发现了以下两个简短的结果，并在细节中发现了一些没有被假设的结果。这些结果表明，我们应该提出新的假设。最终报告将在审查结果后公布。此外，迫切需要制定研究计划作为下一步。(1)母亲评价的婴儿气质特征对其护理行为有影响，同时，母亲评价的婴儿气质特征又反过来改变了母亲评价的许多方面。(2)母亲的特定态度和行为对婴儿特定发展领域的影响。这些结果表明，发育过程不仅仅是由婴儿的气质或母亲的护理行为决定的，而是至少是这两种因素共同作用的产物。结果表明，母亲的不同护理方式对幼儿能力的不同领域发展具有“领域特异性发展”的特点。这些个体的发展差异暗示了“发展相对主义”，认为不同的发展过程取决于不同的环境。

The purpose of this research is to examine how temperamental features,known as innate character of infants, and features of mother's attitude and behavior toward nursing effect on infant's cognitive and socio-emotional development, especially on individual differences of selfrecognitive and linguistic abilities that appear in the second year.This last academic year of project, two investigations were made when the infants were 18 and 24 months of age, and the results of investigations at the period of pregnancy, from which this research had been started, and investigations at the first year(period of confinement, 1, 3, 8, 12 months after birth) was wholly analyzed. As total number of variables sums to over 2000(including variables taken repeatedly), correlations among them was primarily examined in order to reduce variables and to see the results briefly.From the examination of correlations, two brief results below was found, and also some results that had not been hypothesized were found in the detail. These results suggest that new hypotheses should be created. Final report is to be published after those results are examined.Moreover, it is strongly needed to make a research plan as a next step.Brief Results(1) Temperamental features of infant rated by his/her mother effect on her nursing behavior and at the same time, in return, latter changes many aspects of former.(2) Specific attitude and behavior of mother effect on specific domains of development of infant.These results suggest that the course of development is not determined by infant's temperament or mother's nursing behavior only, but, rather is, at least, a product of transaction of both of these factors. The results that mother's various nursing styles develop various domains of infant's abilities show "domain-specific development". These individual differences of development suggest "Developmental Relativism", supposing various courses of development depending on various environments.