Product lifecycle-oriented optimization of the manufacturing phase and the use phase of precision tools

精密工具制造商面临着全球关键原材料短缺和来自东亚公司的竞争日益激烈的问题。这些因素意味着德国工具制造商的成本压力正在增加，他们制造了全球15%的精密工具。此外，欧洲联盟要求公司在可持续性报告中记录和评价为减少制成品的环境影响而采取的措施。为了确保竞争地位，有必要降低精密工具造成的成本和环境影响。仅仅关注制造阶段是不够的，因为产品造成的大部分成本和环境影响都发生在使用阶段。因此，在评估工具制造中使用的制造工艺时，有必要评估待制造产品的整个生命周期。目前，它是不可能的，以确定生命周期评估的制造过程中使用的基础上，现有的知识规划过程序列。对于工艺顺序的生态经济评价，迄今为止，工艺顺序的成本和环境影响的主观加权是必要的。目前还没有一种评价模式，可以根据一个共同的单位来评价产品和工序的成本和环境影响。此外，在生态和经济优化制造的意义上，没有系统的工艺流程设计。因此，拟议研究项目的目标是通过调整现有工艺流程，调查精密工具所需更改与其生态和经济优化实施之间的联系。为此，将开发一种方法，该方法可以根据经济和生态标准设计工艺顺序，同时考虑到制造阶段对所制造的精密工具的使用阶段的影响。该方法使技术规划人员能够通过调整重新设计的精密工具的生产工艺顺序来减少工具对环境的影响，而不会危及经济效率。一个新的生态经济评价模型的开发，使人们有可能评估其成本和环境影响的过程序列。对于第一次，该方法允许推导出普遍适用的设计规则，生态和经济优化的工艺流程。

Manufacturers of precision tools are confronted with a worldwide shortage of critical raw materials and increasing competition from East Asian companies. These factors mean that the cost pressure on German tool manufacturers, who manufacture 15 % of the precision tools manufactured worldwide, is increasing. Furthermore, the European Union obliges companies to document and evaluate measures taken to reduce the environmental impacts of manufactured products in sustainability reports. In order to secure a competitive position, it is necessary to reduce the costs and environmental impacts caused by precision tools. A focus on the manufacturing phase is not sufficient, since a large part of the costs and environmental impacts caused by a product are incurred during its use phase. It is therefore necessary to assess the entire life cycle of the products to be manufactured when assessing the manufacturing processes used in tool manufacturing. At present, it is not possible to determine the life cycle assessments of the manufacturing processes to be used on the basis of available knowledge when planning process sequences. For the ecological-economic evaluation of process sequences, a subjective weighting of the costs and environmental impacts of the process sequences has so far been necessary. There is no evaluation model that makes it possible to evaluate the costs and environmental impacts of products and process sequences on the basis of a common unit. Furthermore, there is no systematic procedure for the design of process sequences in the sense of ecologically and economically optimized manufacturing.The objective of the proposed research project is therefore to investigate the connections between required changes in precision tools and their ecologically and economically optimized implementation by adapting the existing process sequence. For this purpose, a methodology will be developed which makes it possible to design process sequences according to economic and ecological criteria, taking into account the influences of the manufacturing phase on the use phase of the manufactured precision tools. The methodology enables technology planners to reduce the environmental impacts of the tools by adapting process sequences for the production of redesigned precision tools without endangering economic efficiency. A new ecological-economic evaluation model to be developed makes it possible to evaluate process sequences with regard to their costs and environmental impacts. For the first time, the methodology allows the derivation of generally applicable design rules for ecologically and economically optimized process sequences.