ADAM SMITH'S THEORY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT : A THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL REINTERPRETATION OF TEH WEALTH OF NATIONS

三年来对亚当·斯密经济发展理论在《国富论》中的重新解读的研究成果有三点：一是斯密关于产业自然平衡的基本概念，即使在《法理学著作》(A)中也已清晰地出现，但他对物品的价格与数量的关系仍有一种非常静态的理解；物品的高价格是数量多的结果，反之亦然。第二，斯密的劳动价值与价格理论必须具有三重结构，因为价值的衡量是价值与价格理论的基础，由三个不同的术语组成；劳动力、金钱(Silber)和玉米。劳动是古今中外唯一通用的价值衡量标准，但它太抽象了，普通人无法理解。货币(银币)是仅在同一时间和地点的准确量度或价值，而在遥远的时间和地点，玉米是比货币(银币)更好的价值衡量标准，因为相同数量的玉米可以在任何时间和地点保持几乎相同的劳动量。第三，经济增长的资金数量最终取决于被维持的劳动力带给市场的产品所能维持的劳动数量的边际。因此，经济增长的最快和最确定的道路是利用资本和劳动力种植玉米，玉米的能量转换效率是所有原始土地中最高的。很难相信，重农主义者对玉米的能源转换效率有着像史密斯一样深刻而清晰的想法。

Three points can be cited as the result of three years research work on reinterpretation of Adam Smith's Theory of Economic Development in The Wealth of Nations.First, although Smith's basic concept of the natural balance of industry already appeares clearly even in Letures on Jurisprudence (A), he still has a very static understanding of the relation between the price and the volume of things ; the high price of things is the result of their much volume, and vice versa.Second, Smith's labor theory of value and price must have a triplicated structure, because the measure of value, the foundation of the value and price theory consists of three different terms ; labor, money (silber) and corn. Labor is the only universal measure of value at all times and places, but it is too abstract for ordinary people to understand. Money (silber) is the accurate measure or value only at the same time and place, and corn is the better measure of value than money (silber) at long distant times and places because the same quantities of corn can maintain at every time and place the nearly equal quantities of labor.Third, the volume of fund for economic growth ultimately depends on the margin of quantities of labor which can be maintaind by the produce that the maintained labor brings to the market. The fastest and most certain road to economic growth, therefore, is to employ capital and labor in growing corn, whose efficiency of energy conversion is the highest among all rude produce of land. It is hard to believe that the Physiocrats had an idea of corn's efficiency of energy conversion as deeply and clearly as Smith.