Studies on promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases

为探讨促进慢性病儿童社会适应的护理策略，本研究进行以下研究。(1)研究自我照顾行为，压力，社会支持，独立性，学校生活，家庭生活，以及10至18岁的糖尿病，癌症，肾脏疾病，心脏病，哮喘和癫痫儿童的疾病控制，这些儿童需要定期在门诊单位进行检查。对影响儿童社会适应能力的相关因素进行分析.社会适应性则以自我照顾行为、学校生活、负性情绪、独立性、疾病控制等方面来评估。(2)对10 ~ 18岁健康儿童和慢性病儿童的社会支持和压力进行比较研究。(3)关于糖尿病儿童，根据（1）的结果开发了提高独立性的教育方法。此外，还编制了一份评估自我护理行为的问卷，并进行了信度和效度评估。建议护理人员与糖尿病儿童共同使用问卷评估自我照顾行为，以制定解决方案，并在门诊时进行持续教育，以提高慢性病儿童的社会适应能力。(4)采用胰岛素依赖型糖尿病自我护理行为30项问卷，研究糖尿病儿童自我护理行为的变化及其与健康促进行为的关系。(5)比较门诊与住院慢性肾脏病病儿的自我照顾行为、压力与社会支持。此外，本研究亦探讨慢性肾脏疾病病童及其母亲在出院前后自我照顾之知识与知觉，以作为教育方法。

To find nursing strategies for promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases, the following studies were conducted.(1) Studied self-care behaviors, stress, social support, independence, school life, family life, and illness control among children aged from 10 to 18 with diabetes, cancer, kidney disease, heart disease, asthma, and epilepsy who needed regular checkups at the outpatient units. Analysis was done each and among diseases to find factors related to social adaptability of children. Social adaptability was evaluated in terms of self-care behaviors, school life, negative feelings, independence, and illness control.(2) To compare social support and stress of chronically ill children with healthy children, healthy children aged from 10 to 18 were studied.(3) About children with diabetes, educational methods to increase independence were developed based on the results of (1). In addition, a questionnaire to assess self-care behaviors was created and evaluated on validity and reliability. For promoting social adaptability of children with chronic diseases, it was suggested that nurses and diabetic children needed to evaluate self-care behaviors using the questionnaire together for making solutions and to continue education at the clinic visits.(4) By using 30 item questionnaire of IDDM self-care behaviors, changes of self-care behaviors of children with diabetes and its relationships with health promoting behaviors.(5) Self-care behaviors, stress, and social support of children with chronic kidney disease were compared in outpatient and inpatient units. In addition, knowledge and perceptions about self-care of children with chronic kidney disease and their mothers were studied for educational methods before and after discharge.