Grubgrabian - Epigravettian - Magdalenian. Characterization of the late Upper Palaeolithic in eastern Central Europe (c. 23.000-14.000 calBP) based on the osseous tools.

中东欧晚期旧石器时代晚期的发展、年代学和多样性将利用骨性工具进行调查。这些文物，特别是抛射物，已被证明在描述考古地层单位及其时空结构方面具有巨大潜力。奥地利、波兰和捷克共和国越来越多的考古遗址年代超过15,800 CalBP，这表明在马格达勒晚期之前，该地区就已经有人类存在。LGM后安置的方向都是单向的还是双向的？以及考古地层单位的分类(Eigravettien和/或Magdaénien？)是有争议的讨论。因此，本文重点研究了卡门-格拉夫格拉本(奥地利)、马斯奇卡(波兰)、莫洛多瓦五号(乌克兰)和CosăuţI(摩尔多瓦共和国)的参考地点的骨骼组合，并与西欧的清单进行了比较，以讨论东部巴德古里亚/格拉布格拉宾和埃庇特拉维特作为中东欧马格达尼安意义上的拉托可能的区域起源的底物所起的作用。对选定的有机文物进行的新的AMS测量应该提供可靠的测年方法。

The development, chronology and diversity of the late Upper Palaeolithic in Eastern Central Europe will be investigated using the osseous tools. These artifacts, especially projectiles, have been shown to have great potential for the characterization of archaeostratigraphic units and their spatial and temporal structure. A growing number of archaeological sites in Austria, Poland and Czech Republic dated older than 15,800 calBP indicate human presence in the region already before the Late Magdalenian. Both the direction of the resettlement after the LGM (uni- or bidirectional?) as well as the classification of the archaeostratigraphic units (Epigravettien and/or Magdalénien?) are controversially discussed. The osseous assemblages of the reference sites Kammern-Grubgraben (Austria), Maszycka (Poland), Molodova V (Ukraine) and Cosăuţi (Republic of Moldova) are therefore examined focusing on typology and chaîne opératoire and compared with Western European inventories in order to discuss the role of the eastern Badegoulian / Grubgrabian and the Epigravettian as substrates for a possible regional origin of the Magdalénien sensu lato in Eastern Central Europe. New AMS measurements on selected organic artefacts should provide reliable dating approaches.