A COMPARATIVE CULTURAL STUDY OF WOMEN IN PERFORMING ARTS

20世纪60年代至70年代发生在美国的妇女解放运动，超越了国家和种族的界限，同时蔓延到整个工业世界，与世纪之交的第一次浪潮相比，历史上被称为女权主义的第二次浪潮。自第二次女性主义浪潮兴起以来，许多女性在许多领域尝试着挑战新的方式和风格。随着女性地位的显著提高，我们可以看到大量关于女性主义思想、批判研究和理论的著作。这些著作将妇女研究或性别研究纳入高等院校的正规课程，带来了一些激进而富有成效的变化。在先锋派小剧场运动中，以及在商业演艺圈中，曾经有一个等级森严的父权世界，在这个世界里，男性在表演、导演、剧本创作和制作中占据主导地位。然而，在第二次女权主义浪潮之后，一定数量的女性在编剧、导演、制作和表演方面变得非常活跃，并带来了自己的美学、观点和对戏剧/表演艺术的分析。我在这里试图探讨的是，从表现的角度来看，特别是当我们看到女性自身的文化活动，而不把她们的社会和政治运动分开时，有哪些可能性是开放的。首先，我对美/英女性戏剧活动在第一波女权主义的背景下进行了比较研究，特别是选举权运动，日本妇女运动，她们对“新女性”的辩论，以及日本新剧运动在近代化过程中“女演员”的诞生。其次，在第二次女性主义浪潮的背景下，我对当代美国/英国女性的戏剧活动与当代日本女性的戏剧活动进行了比较研究。她们在解构性别、对女性的刻板印象、解读性政治、创造自己的实验剧场等方面都有很多共同的特点。在所谓后现代、后殖民的世界里，女性在探索、定义、重新定义自己的多元文化身份时，并不害怕与其他女性不同。少

Women's Liberation Movement in the 1960s to the 1970s in the United States spread beyond the national and racial boundaries concurrently in all the industrial world, and is called the second wave of feminism historically compared with the first wave around the turn of the century. Since the exaltation of the second wave of feminism, a number of women have been trying to challenge for new ways and styles in many fields. Along with the visible improvement in the status of women, we can read a voluminous work of writings on feminist thoughts, critical studies, and theories. Those works have brought some radical and fruitfull changes by establishing Women's Studies or Gender Studies in the regular curricula of colleges and universities.In the avant-garde little theater movement as well as in the commercial show business there used to be a hierarchical and patriarchal world in which men are dominant and centerd in acting, directing, playwriting, and producing. However, after the second wave … More of feminism, a certain amount of women have become very active in playwriting, directing, producing as well as in acting, and have brought their own aesthetics, perspectives, and analyzes on theater/performance arts. What I try to explore here is that what possibilities are open in terms of representation, especially when we see women's own cultural activities without separating their social and political movementsFirstly, I made a comparative study about American/British women's theater activities in the context of the first wave of feminism, especially the suffrage movement, the Japanese women's movement, their debate of "New Woman", and the birth of "actresses" in the Japanese new theater movement in its modernization. Secondly, in the context of the second wave of feminism, I made another comparative study of contemporary American/British women's theater activities and contemporary Japanese women's ones. They have a lot of common characteristics in deconstructing gender, the stereotypical representation of women, reading sexual politics, creating their own experimental theater. In the so-called postmodrn and post-colonial world, women are not afraid to be different from other women when they explore, define and redefine their own multicultural identities. Less