Chemical Ecology of Relationship between Japanese honeybee and oriental orchid as a model of animal-plant Gerolation

佐佐木等人报道了一种东方兰花，小花兰吸引了日本蜜蜂的雄蜂作为授粉者。(1991年)。我们观察到，工人们也被兰花所吸引。花的挥发性化学物质被吸附在Tenax TA上，并用戊聚糖解吸。戊聚糖溶液对日本蜜蜂工蜂和雄蜂均表现出很强的引诱活性。五聚糖溶液经硅胶和银硅胶柱层析，提纯引诱剂。用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法对纯化后的活性部位进行分析，确定氧化芳樟醇为蜜蜂引诱剂的首选。我们还分析了日本蜜蜂的纳萨诺夫腺体物质，证明了芳樟醇氧化物的存在。蜜蜂的纳萨诺夫腺体信息素具有物种特异性，是著名的筑巢引诱剂。在实验室的生物测试中，10纳克的正宗芳樟醇氧化物能够吸引蜜蜂。以上结果表明，蜜蜂的授粉是通过释放与蜜蜂引诱剂相同的化学物质来完成的。这是第一个证明植物利用蜜蜂聚集信息素进行授粉的报道。

Sasaki et.al.reported an oriental orchid, Cymbidium pumilum attracts drons of the Japanese honeybee as polinators. (1991). We observed the workers are also attracted by the orchid. The volatile chemicals of the flowers were collected on absorvent Tenax TA and were desorbed by pentan. The pentan solution exhibited potent attractant activity to both workers and dron of Japanese honeybee. The pentan solution was conducted on silica gel and argentation silica gel column chromatography and purified the attractant. The purified active fraction was analyzed by capillary GC-MS and linalool oxide was nominated as first attractant candidate of the honeybee. We also analyzed the Nasanov's gland substances of Japanese honeybee and proved the presence of linalool oxide. Nasanov's gland pheromone of honeybee is species specific and very famous as attractant to nestmate. Ten nanogram of authentic linalool oxide was able to attract the honeybee on a laboratory bioassay. All the results indicate that the orthid decieves honeybee for the pollination by releaseing same chemial as an attractant of the heneybee. This is the first report to prove that plant uses honeybee aggregation pheromone for the pollination.