Governance and institutions as drivers of NCP supply and management

机构和治理是人类选择或活动与更广泛的社会经济、技术、政治和文化背景之间的关键调解因素。IPBES框架已经认识到它们对塑造人与环境的关系，特别是国家规划的重要性。非常多样化的乞力马扎罗山地区提供了一个极好的机会来调查机构和治理，产生了非常不同的土地利用景观。在此背景下，SP 5调查了土地利用、NCP、机构和治理之间的动态关系以及机构和治理的绩效。近年来，乞力马扎罗山等复杂社会生态系统的治理往往被概念化，并被分析为多中心。尽管多中心治理为研究各种私人、公共和民间社会行为者共同生产农业用地的体制变化和绩效提供了卓有成效的切入点，但农业土地利用问题尚未从这一角度加以讨论。此外，虽然在IPBES框架中已经认识到权力在理解自然资源治理和土地使用决策方面的作用，但很难系统地将其引入实证分析。虽然以前对乞力马扎罗山的土地利用进行了调查，但缺乏全面结合和比较利益相关者、土地利用类型、海拔和生态系统的治理方面的研究。SP 5将通过评估体制变化和绩效如何影响乞力马扎罗山的土地利用来缩小这些差距。它将确定形成国家国家方案的利益攸关方和土地利用类型；它将讨论机构和治理安排在过去25年中影响不同土地利用类型形成的作用，以及为什么机构和治理安排发生变化；它将评估行为者之间的权力分配及其对土地利用类型的影响。此外，它想知道我们如何评估在乞力马扎罗山上以生物物理方式相互关联的土地利用问题的治理绩效，例如水，以及被理解为水利用与土地利用的协调的绩效在多大程度上可以通过制度适应的各个层面来解释。为此，战略规划5进行了利益攸关方分析，为战略规划方案3-5中将要开展的土地利用调查作出了贡献，并进行了文件和文献审查以及大量关键信息提供人访谈和专题小组讨论。收集了定性数据，并进行了社会网络分析和认知图谱，以评估治理的标量和职能机构适合性。这样，在四个工作包中，SP 5填补了我们对乞力马扎罗山SES的综合理解方面的关键空白，并为RU做出了重要贡献，特别是在与SP 1、4、6和7合作方面。

Institutions and governance are key mediating factors between human choices or activities and the broader socio-economic, technological, political, and cultural context. Their importance for shaping human-environment relations in general, and NCP in particular, has been recognized by the IPBES framework. The very diverse Kilimanjaro region provides an excellent opportunity to investigate institutions and governance ‘producing’ a very heterogeneous ‘landscape’ of land-uses. Against this background, SP 5 investigates the dynamic relationships between land use, NCP, institutions, and governance and performance of institutions and governance. In recent years, governance in complex social-ecological systems (SES) like Kilimanjaro has often been conceptualized and analysed as polycentric. Still, agricultural land use has not been addressed from this perspective although polycentric governance suggests fruitful entry points to the study of institutional change and performance in relation to the co-production of agricultural land use by diverse private, public, and civil society actors. Further, while the role of power in understanding natural resource governance and land-use decisions has already been recognized in the IPBES framework it has hardly been introduced into empirical analyses in a systematic manner. While land use on Kilimanjaro has been investigated previously, studies comprehensively combining and comparing governance aspects across stakeholders, land-use types, elevations, and ecosystems are missing. SP 5 will close these gaps by assessing how institutional change and performance shape land use on Kilimanjaro. It will identify stakeholders and land-use types shaping NCP; it will address the role of institutions and governance arrangements in affecting the formation of different land-use types throughout the last twenty-five years, and why institutions and governance arrangements changed; and it will assess the distribution of power among actors and its effects on land-use types. Further, it wonders how we can evaluate the performance of governance of issues that biophysically interconnect land use on Kilimanjaro, such as water, and to what extent performance, understood as coordination of water use in relation to land uses, can be explained through various dimensions of institutional fit. To this end, SP 5 conducts a stakeholder analysis, contributes to the survey of land uses to be carried out in SPs 3-5, and carries out a document and literature review as well as a large number of Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. Qualitative data is collected and a social network analysis and cognitive mapping is undertaken in order to assess the scalar and functional institutional fit of governance. That way, throughout four Work Packages, SP 5 closes crucial gaps in our integrated understanding of Kilimanjaro SES and makes a vital contribution to the RU, particularly in collaboration with SPs 1, 4, 6 and 7.