Evolution of Socio-Cultural Milieu and Globalization of Local Industrial Area in Japan

日本社会文化环境的演变与地方工业区的全球化九州大学社会文化研究所教授宫川康夫1973年的石油危机和日元浮动制度的采用给日本工业特别是地方工业带来了巨大的冲击。很大程度上由于日元的快速升值，大部分当地工业都受到外国公司进口商品的影响，然后日本公司在海外，特别是在亚洲设立了分公司。亚洲国家有着相似的社会文化背景，这使得技能、设计和技术从日本转移到亚洲变得更加顺利。1985年广场协议签订后，加速了地方工业区的突变，日元的再次升值和地价的再次上涨，特别是在首都圈。面对这一严峻形势，地方工业和地方工业区共同努力，推动工业结构和区域结构的调整。在产业结构调整中，一个地方的主导产业不仅对其自身的生存，而且对整个地方工业的生存都起着重要的作用。通常，主导产业的海外工厂，特别是亚洲的工厂提供基本需求，这使得国内市场和出口市场的高端需求得以复苏。很大程度上由于这种高水平的需求，当地的工匠可以生产出高质量的产品，并发展他们的技能、设计和技术。这种产业结构我们可以举出几个例子，如中国北部天头寿木工厂支撑的天头寿木（日本的追击）生产区，以及马来西亚日本框架工业工厂支撑的名古屋框架生产区。地方工业区的承载环境对其可持续发展有着重要的影响。它对杰出的工匠、设计师和工程师的聚集产生了很大的影响。在Tobe传统陶器产区的再开发中，社会文化的主办环境和开放环境对技能、知识和技术的创新发挥了重要作用。这种环境得到了上述各发展阶段的领先公司以及由地方工业协会、地方学校、地方工业研究所和地方社会本身建立的地方协会的鼓励。在世界市场的激烈竞争下，日本的大多数本土工业仍然在全球舞台上生存下来，这主要归功于技术、机器和新材料的创新，以及新设计和管理知识的发展。在日本，由于地方工业区在大都市地区的聚集，有助于大量的最新技术和知识的交流，以促进创新和发展。三树屋顶工业区就是一个典型的例子。它可以与名古屋都市的现代陶瓷工业、纺织机械工业和汽车工业交流最新的技术、设计和诀窍。交流的结果是，三树屋顶瓦工业区总能开发出最新的窑炉、机器、材料、设计和管理知识，这些知识是在以丰田汽车为中心的汽车工业所产生的社会文化环境中积累起来的。少

Evolution of socio-cultural milieu and globalization of local industrial area in JapanProfessor Dr.Yasuo MiyakawaGraduate School of Social and-Cultural StudiesKyushu UniversityThe oil crisis and adoption of floating system of yen in 1973 gave a great shock on the Japanese industry, especially its local industry. Largely due to the rapid rise of yen, most of local industries suffered from the imported goods from foreign companies and then Japanese companies set up in overseas countries, especially in Asia. Asian countries have similar socio-cultural background, which smoothed the transfer of skill, design and technologies from Japan.The mutation of local industrial areas has been accelerated after the agreement of the Plaza in 1985, which burst the rise of yen again and the rise of land price, especially in the metropolitan areas. Coping with this serious situation, local industries and local industrial areas themselves endeavcured together to promote the restructuring of industrial and … More regional structure.Concerned with the restructuring, the leading industry in an each local area playd a great role not only for its survival but also for the survival of local industrial area as a whole. Usually, overseas factories of the leading industry, especially in Asia supplied the basic demand, which enabled the rejuvenation of high class demand in the domestic market and also in the export market. Largely thanks to this high class demand, local artisans could produce high quality goods and develop their skill, design and technologies. We may quote several examples of this kind of industrial structure such as the Tendou Shougi (Japanese chase) production area supported by the factory of Tendou Shougi in the northern part of China and the Nagoya Frame production area backed up by the factory of Japan Frame Industry in Malaysia.The hosting environment of local industrial area exerted a great influence for the sustainable development. It exerted a great influence on the agglomeration of distinguished artisans, designers and engineers. And the hosting environment and open-milieu of socio-culture playd an important role for the innovation of skills, know-how and technologies as is seen in the redevelopment of Tobe traditional pottery productuion area. This sort of milieu has been encouraged by the aformentioned leading companies at the each stage of development and by the local societies which were established by the local industrial associations, local schools, local industrial institutes for R&D activities and local society itself.Under the keen competition in the world market, most of Japanese locl industries still survive on the global scene, largely owing to the innovation of technologies, machines and new materials and to the development of new designs and management know-how. In Japan, thanks to the agglomeration of local industrial areas in the large metropolitan areas helped a lot of exchanges of latest technologies and know-how for the innovation and the development. The Sanshu roof industrial area is one of the typical example. It could exchange the latest technologies, designs and know-how with modern ceramic industry, textile machines industry and automobile industry in the Nagoya metropolitan are. As a result of the exchange, the Sanshu roof tile industrial area always could develop latest kilns, machines, materials, designs and management know-how accumulated in the same socio-cultural milieu generated by the automobile industry centerd at Toyota Motor. Less