The Developement of Theory to Estimate the Amount of Extension Time for Tect-Takers with Disabilities by Analyzing Their

这项研究旨在开发一种理论，以估计为残疾考生举行的高考等考试规定的公正和适当的延长时间。目前，日美两国残障考生延长时间的数量存在较大差异，而我国第一阶段联合成绩测试中残障考生的成绩分布也表明了残障考生延长时间的必要性。本研究以两年计划为框架，研究了盲文格式测试中视力障碍考生在日语、数学和英语三个学科(日语、数学和英语)上正确、适当延长时间的估算方法。为了能够自动记录和分析考生以往较难的答题过程，我们已经成功地开发了一个使用笔式计算机的计算机化测试系统。为了评估其性能，…的效果实验充分分析了纸笔考试与计算机考试在考试时间、试卷翻页数、考试成绩等方面的不同之处。这一结果证明了用计算机化的测试来估计纸笔测试的答题过程是可能的。通过问卷调查还发现，该系统的屏幕易观性和可操作性几乎与纸笔试题采用记分纸答题的水平相当，利用该系统和新开发的盲文答题自动记录系统，在不限制考试时间的限制工作方式下，记录和分析了印刷体试题中的非残障考生和盲文试题中的视障考生的答题过程。这项实验的结果是，首次定量确定了视障考生延长时间的可取性基数，尽管这样的基数只是根据以前的经验得出的。最后，我们提出了一种方法，允许您根据有限时间法所获得的数据来估计有限时间法考试中视障考生的公正和适当的延长量。鉴于测试通常是在有限时间法(而不是有限工作法)下进行的，我想对这一理论进行更多的研究，以使这一理论得到公众的接受，并在测试中得到普遍采用。较少

This research is aimed at developing a theory to estimate the just and proper amount of extension time specified for tests such as university entrance examinations for test-takers with disabilities. Currently, there is a big difference in the amount of extension time for test-takers with disabilities between Japan and the U.S.A.Further, the distribution of scores for test-takers with disabilities in our Joint First Stage Achievement Tests also suggests the necessity of such extension time for them.This research has studied, under a two-year plan, a theory to estimate the just and proper amount of extension time for test-takers with visual disabilities who use braille format tests with respect to the subjects (Japanese, mathematics and English).To make it possible to automatically record and analyze test-takers' answering processes which had been difficult, we have successfully developed a computerized test system which uses a pen computer. To evaluate its performance, the effect of the … More differences in the test methods between paper-pencil tests and this computerized tests on the amount of time required, number turned pages of test booklet as well as scores obtained for testing have been fully analyzed in the experiments. The result has proved that it is possible for a computerized test to estimate the answering processes in a paper-pencil test. As a result of surveying by questionnaire, it has also been found that the easiness to see a screen of this system and its operability are at almost the same level as with paper-pencil tests which use the mark-sheet answering method.By using this system and another system which has been newly developed to automatically record the answering processes in braille format tests by test-takers with visual disabilities, the answering processes of test-takers without disabilities in printed format tests and test-takers with visual disabilities in braille format tests have been recorded and analyzed under the limited work method which does not limit the time for a test. As a result of this experiment, the base for the advisability of the extension of the time for test-takers with visual disabilities has been quantitatively determined for the first time, though such a base was only derived from experiences before. Moreover, the data have been obtained which will be helpful in determining the amount of extension time for each test in a more proper and accurate way.Finally, we would like to propose a method which will allow you to estimate the just and proper amount of extension of the time for test-takers with visual disabilities in tests of limited time method based on the data obtained from the limited work method.In view of the fact that tests are generally conducted under the limited time method (instead of the limited work method), I would like to investigate in this theory more in order that this theory finds public acceptance and is generally adopted in tests. Less