Representation of the People through the Camera and Parliamentary Cultures – Parliaments and Television in France and the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s and 1970s

该项目旨在比较1960年代和1970年代法国和德意志联邦共和国议会的电视报道。中心问题围绕着新的视听呈现形式和在新的占主导地位的国家媒体中举行国民大会和联邦议院的模式。它还将处理议会和电视广播公司之间不同的机构和个人“纠葛”，从而展示议会辩论如何成为政治电视节目的持续组成部分。在只有一两个电视频道的“稀缺时代”，“整个”民族聚集在电视屏幕前的程度已经不复存在。在这样做的过程中，它熟悉了议会的演讲和辩论。最重要的是，在政府政策声明或预算辩论期间的议会演讲，也包括在法国“1968年5月”的特别广播，或关于1968年紧急立法和1970年代初“新东方政策”辩论的特别广播。该项目的筹备工作还表明，法国和西德的案例允许探索电视成为报道议会政治的既定媒体组合的不同方式。特别是根据书面和视听资料，该项目计划首先分析自六十年代中期以来电视上出现议会辩论的选定案例。这涉及到采用复杂的方法来研究不同的议会传播模式(例如，录音的顺序分析、议员的表现和记者的作用)；其次，阐述议会和电视广播员之间正在形成的关系网络，并根据不同的政治文化和媒体制度区分它们；第三，将上述选定的议会电视案例与对议会的持续电视报道进行对比。其目的是将20世纪60年代和70年代的(政治)电视背景嵌入其中，并在新的“大众视觉文化”中突出议会的高潮、低谷和持久的模式。从早期议会电视的国际比较中，申请人期望我们对法国和西德政治文化和媒体变化之间的历史相互关系的了解取得重大进展。鉴于两国不同的政治制度和媒体制度，此案提供了审查“调解化”的机会--这是为西方民主国家的政治制定的范例。通过聚焦议会通过电视与君主沟通的结构性问题，该项目将以一种非常规的方式对比这对法德夫妇，旨在以更不同的视角看待两国的政治“纠葛历史”。

The project aims at a comparison of the television coverage of the parliaments in France and the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1960s and 1970s. The central questions revolve around new forms of audio-visual presentation and modes of staging the Assemblée nationale and the Bundestag in the new dominant national medium. It will also deal with the different institutional and personal “entanglements” between parliaments and television broadcasters, thus showing how parliamentary debates became a constant part of political television. In the “era of scarcity” with only one or two television channels the “whole” nation gathered in front of the television screen to an extent that does not exist anymore. In doing this it became familiarized with parliamentary speeches and debates. This pertains, above all, to parliamentary speeches on the occasion of government policy statements or budget debates, but also to special broadcasts on “May 1968” in France or on the debates about the emergency legislation in 1968 and the “Neue Ostpolitik” in the early 1970s. The preparatory work for this project also suggests that the case of France and West-Germany allows for an exploration of different ways in which television became part of an established media ensemble that covered parliamentary politics. Based on written and audio-visual sources in particular the project plans, firstly, to analyse selected cases of the presence of parliamentary debates on television from the mid-sixties onwards. This involves a reference to sophisticated methodologies to look into different modes of parliamentary communication (e. g. sequence analysis of recordings, performance of deputies and the role of journalists); secondly, to elaborate the emerging networks of relationships between parliaments and television broadcasters and also to distinguish them in regard to the different political cultures and media systems; thirdly, to contrast the above mentioned selected cases of parliamentary television with the continuous television coverage on parliament. The aim is to embed both in the context of (political) television of the 1960s and 1970s and to highlight the highs, lows and persistent patterns of parliament in the new “culture de masse visuelle”. From this international comparison of early parliamentary television, the applicant expects significant advances in our knowledge of the historical interrelations between political cultures and media change in France and West-Germany. Given the different political regimes and media-systems in both countries, the case offers the opportunity for a review of the “mediatization”-paradigm that has been formulated for the politics of Western democracies. By focussing on the structural problem of parliamentary communication with the sovereign via television, the project will contrast the Franco-German couple in an unconventional way, aiming at a more differentiated view of both countries’ political “history of entanglements”.