Analyzing the Motion of the Middle Atmosphere Using Nighttime RMR-lidar Observations at the Midlatitude Station Kühlungsborn (AMUN)

一般来说，水平风在大气动力学中起着关键作用，特别是在重力波和热潮汐的传播和消散中。同时观测风和温度提供了独特的可能性来检索重力波的动能和势能密度，与内在波的性质有关。然而，中层大气的直接风观测很少，特别是在大约30至75公里之间，因为无线电探空仪和雷达都没有覆盖这个高度范围。风辐射计或卫星不能为重力波调查提供足够精度和分辨率的风信息。因此，我们建议在德国k<s:1> hlunsborn（54°N, 12°E）建立一个新的激光雷达，利用倾斜望远镜探测瑞利背散射的多普勒频移来测量水平风。除了气候风测量外，还将评估惯性重力波在中层大气中的传播。我们将计算水平和垂直动量通量，并确定其沉积的高度。这些都是大气能量收支的关键参数，我们的结果将为大气环流模型提供一个基准。根据风的数据，我们将分析全息图，以获得对地面观测者隐藏的内在波特性。我们将根据垂直传播方向分离重力波，并量化向上和向下传播的重力波的比例，这需要当地的风数据来识别波的相位的多普勒频移。这些分析将加深我们对垂直耦合和中层大气下伏环流的理解。k<s:1> hlunsborn的新风激光雷达是对IAP在挪威北部（ALOMAR, 69°N, 16°E）运行的类似系统的补充。我们将利用为ALOMAR激光雷达开发的专业知识来降低新激光雷达的设计风险，并促进中层大气的风测量以及对观测结果的地球物理解释。

Horizontal wind plays a key role in the dynamics of the atmosphere in general, and specifically for the propagation and dissipation of gravity waves and thermal tides. Simultaneous observations of winds and temperatures offer the unique possibility to retrieve both gravity wave kinetic and potential energy densities, being related by intrinsic wave properties. However, direct wind observations in the middle atmosphere are sparse especially between about 30 and 75 km, because neither radiosondes nor radars cover this altitude range. Wind radiometers or satellites do not provide wind information with sufficient accuracy and resolution for gravity wave investigations. Thus, we propose to set up a new lidar at Kühlungsborn/Germany (54°N, 12°E) to measure the horizontal wind by detecting the Doppler shift of Rayleigh backscatter using tilted telescopes. Beside climatological wind measurements, especially the propagation of inertia gravity waves in the middle atmosphere will be evaluated. We will calculate horizontal and vertical momentum fluxes and identify the altitudes of their deposition. These are crucial parameters for the energy budget of the atmosphere, and our results will provide a benchmark for general circulation models. Based on the wind data we will analyze hodographs to get intrinsic wave properties otherwise hidden for ground-based observers. We will separate the waves by vertical propagation direction and quantify the fraction of upward and downward propagating gravity waves, which requires local wind data to identify the Doppler shift of the wave’s phases. These analyses will deepen our understanding of the vertical coupling and of the underlying circulation in the middle atmosphere. This new wind lidar at Kühlungsborn complements a similar system operated by IAP in Northern Norway (ALOMAR, 69°N, 16°E). We will make use of the expertise developed for the ALOMAR lidar to reduce the design risks for the new lidar, and to foster wind measurements in the middle atmosphere as well as geophysical interpretation of the observations.