CARMENES Follow-up of Transiting Planets with TESS

利用径向速度确定凌日行星的质量，对于研究太阳系外行星及其大气具有重要的价值。对其半径、质量和大气层的存在进行彻底调查的行星数量的显著增加是未来几年系外行星研究的主要目标之一。TESS和Carmenes的结合为在寻找和表征低质量恒星周围的低质量行星方面取得重大进展提供了机会。我们建议用卡门跟踪TESS候选凌日行星，以确定它们的质量，并在一些目标上进行凌日光谱，以研究有色Rossiter-McLaughlin(RM)效应。RM效应中的色度可以提供与波长相关的行星半径的信息，这可能是由其大气的瑞利散射或其他大气特征引起的。这些数据还应与P3项目一起进行分析，以确定行星大气的特征。这一领域竞争激烈，TESS后续行动由世界各地的几个组织开展。有了Carmenes，我们在非常酷的明星上拥有高RV精度的优势，我们保证的时间让我们可以灵活地安排时间，这样我们就可以高效地进行后续计划。

Transiting planets with mass determination from radial velocities (RV) are of great value for the characterization of extrasolar planets and their atmospheres. A significant increase in the number of planets for which radii, masses, and the presence of atmospheres are thoroughly investigated is one of the main goals of exoplanet research for the coming years. The combination of TESS and CARMENES provides the opportunity to achieve significant progress in finding and characterizing low-mass planets around low-mass stars. We propose to follow-up TESS transiting planet candidates with CARMENES to determine their mass, and to carry out transit spectroscopy in some targets in order to investigate the chromatic Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect. Chromaticity in the RM effect can provide information on a wavelength-dependent planetary radius, which could be caused by Rayleigh scattering of its atmosphere or other atmospheric features. The data should also be analyzed together with project P3 with the aim to characterize the planetary atmosphere. The field is highly competitive and TESS follow-up is carried out by several groups world-wide. With CARMENES, we have the advantage of high RV precision in verycool stars, and our guaranteed time allows us flexible scheduling so that we can efficiently carry out follow-up programs.