Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the Raveneliaceae (Basidiomycota: Pucciniales) using hyRAD sequencing, and revision of their taxonomy

锈菌是植物寄生真菌中种类最丰富的类群，在农业和林业中具有很高的经济相关性。除了它们对人类农业系统的破坏性影响外，锈菌还在自然生态系统中讨论了它们对植物群落组成的影响以及对宿主植物遗传多样性的保护。但是，尽管具有很高的经济和生态相关性，但对锈病发生的认识仍然存在许多空白。这种知识的缺乏尤其适用于形态特征的进化。例如，在13个被接受的科中，只有8个可以被确认为单系。在这种情况下，热带分布的锈菌必须特别强调，因为，除了少数例外，他们到目前为止已经显着不足的分子系统发育研究。Ravenelia（Raveneliaceae）是迄今为止最丰富的物种锈菌属在热带地区。目前的研究不仅表明该属的多系起源，而且还表明整个Raveneliaceae相对于Chaconiaceae，Phakopsoraceae和Pileolariaceae的并系位置。除了形态分析，在本研究项目中，我想应用hyRAD测序的方法。通过这种方法产生的遗传数据将作为研究和修订Raveneliaceae和相关组的分类概念的基础。与传统的基于PCR的方法相比，该方法具有使旧植物标本的降解DNA可用于分析的优点，这允许更广泛的物种采样。此外，使用植物标本馆标本可以最大限度地减少国家立法方面的可能限制以及新收集重要关键物种所需的财政和后勤工作，因此，本研究项目不仅旨在为研究热带锈菌的进化做出重要贡献，并提供精确的分类学分类，而且还建立了利用保存在植物标本馆中的大量植物寄生真菌记录的规程。

Rust fungi represent the most species-rich group of plant parasitic fungi and have a high economic relevance in agriculture and forestry. In addition to their often devastating effects on anthropogenic agrosystems, rust fungi are also discussed in natural ecosystems in connection with their influence on the composition of plant communities as well as with the preservation of the genetic diversity of their host plants. But despite this high economic and ecological relevance, the knowledge of the phylogeny of rust still shows numerous gaps. This lack of knowledge particularly applies to the evolution of morphological traits. For example, only 8 of 13 accepted families could be confirmed as monophyletic. In this context, the tropically distributed rust fungi must be particularly emphasized, since, with a few exceptions, they have so far been significantly underrepresented in molecular phylogenetic studies.Ravenelia (Raveneliaceae) is by far the most species-rich rust fungus genus in the tropics. Current studies not only suggest a polyphyletic origin of this genus, but also indicate a paraphyletic position of the entire Raveneliaceae with regard to the Chaconiaceae, Phakopsoraceae and the Pileolariaceae.Besides morphological analyses, in this research project I would like to apply the method of hyRAD-sequencing. The genetic data, produced by this method, will serve as the basis on which the taxonomic concepts of the Raveneliaceae and related groups will be investigated and revised. Compared to classical PCR-based methods, this method has the advantage of making degraded DNA of older herbarium specimens accessible for analysis, which allows for a much more extensive species sampling. In addition, the use of herbarium specimens minimizes possible restrictions with regard to national legislation as well as the financial and logistical effort required for the new collection of important key species.This research project is thus not only intended to make an important contribution to the study the evolution of tropical rust fungi and to offer a precise taxonomic classification, but also to establish protocols for the utilisation of the numerous plant parasitic fungi records deposited in herbaria.