Development and Application of a Two-Layer Movable Sweating Thermal Manikin - Toward the Construction of Japanese Clothing Database Realizing Energy-saving Lifestyle -

热人体模型是一个有用的工具来评估热环境，如衣服，房子和其他。人体模型需要具备以下属性：形状和大小、产热、皮肤温度、出汗率、姿势和运动等。到目前为止，还没有满足所有这些标准的人体模型。为了弥补传统热人体与人体之间的差异，本研究开发了一种双层可移动出汗热人体模型。人体模型由两层组成，躯干的核心部分和外壳部分，整个躯干分为17个部分，温度和热量供应可以独立控制。人体模型的肩膀、臀部和膝关节可以改变姿势来模拟不同的行走姿势。皮肤上180个毛孔的排汗量由蠕动泵控制。利用热像仪对人体模型的温度性能进行了研究。结果表明：若人体核心温度保持37℃的恒定体温调节，皮肤温度保持在人体中性状态下，人体暴露在28℃下20分钟后，暴露在18℃下，四肢表面温度下降幅度大于躯干。这类似于人体四肢的皮肤温度下降。通过保持核心温度水平和外壳热量输入水平不变，可以更准确地模拟躯干和身体裸露和覆盖部位的四肢的温度变化。利用人体模型，精确测量了日本某消防队员防护服、生物防护服和日用服装的耐热性和蒸发耐热性，以构建日本服装数据库。

A thermal manikin is a useful tool to evaluate thermal environments such as clothing, houses and others. A manikin needs to have the following properties : shape and size, heat production, skin temperature, sweat rate, pose and movement and others. So far, no manikin satisfying all these criteria has been available. In the present study, a two-layer movable sweating thermal manikin was newly developed as a trial to compensate for the differences between conventional thermal manikins and the human body.The manikin consisted of two layers, a core section in the trunk and a shell section divided into 17 parts over the whole body, the temperature and heat supply of which could be independently controlled. The manikin's shoulder, hip and knee joints made its possible to change the posture to simulate various walking positions. The sweat rate from 180 pores on the skin was controlled by peristaltic pumps.The temperature performance of the manikin was investigated using thermograph. The result showed that if the core temperature of manikin was kept at a constant 37□ like body temperature regulation, and the skin temperature was controlled by keeping the heat loss from each part to the level of the human body in a neutral condition, the surface temperature of the manikin would decrease more in the extremities than in the trunk when the manikin was exposed to 18□ after being exposed to 28□ for 20 minutes. This is analogous to the skin temperature decline in the extremities of the human body. By holding the core temperature level and the shell heat input level constant, the temperature changes in the torso and the extremities of exposed and covered parts of the body can be simulate more exactly. Using the manikin, heat and evaporative heat resistances of a fire-fighter's protective clothing, Bio-Protective clothing and clothing for daily-use in Japan in order to construct Japanese clothing database were precisely measured.