Biological control based integrated vegetable pest management in Japan and Southeast Asia

日本菜农大量使用化学农药，造成了严重的环境污染、食品残留、野生动物灭绝等问题。这在经济发展迅速的东南亚国家也是如此。建立以生物防治为基础的蔬菜害虫综合治理（IPM）对改善日本和东南亚国家的这种状况至关重要。为建立基于BC的蔬菜害虫综合防治技术，以蓟马、潜叶蛾和小菜蛾等蔬菜害虫为对象进行了研究。本研究首先在日本开展了以保护茄子天敌为基础的茄子害虫综合防治研究，并对几种天敌的大量培养系统进行了研究。同时对泰国和越南的蔬菜害虫防治进行了初步调查。据透露，包括日本禁止的化学农药在内的许多化学农药在那里大量喷洒。另一方面，在未喷洒化学农药的情况下，蔬菜地的各种天敌也在积极地攻击害虫。然而，在东南亚，蔬菜害虫天敌的清单并不完整。本项目的第一步，我们调查了越南蔬菜、潜叶蝇害虫及其天敌之间的关系。并对泰国和越南蔬菜害虫与天敌的关系进行了生态学研究。根据这些研究的结果，建议在日本和东南亚国家进行进一步的合作研究，以在该地区建立无害环境的害虫管理。

Vegetable farmers use so much chemical pesticide in Japan that causes serious problems such as environmental pollution, residue in food and razing of wild life. This is same in several Southeast Asian countries with rapid economic development. Establishment of biological control (BC) based integrated pest management (IPM) of vegetable is very important to improve this situation both in Japan and in Southeast Asian countries. To establish BC based IPM of vegetable, several vegetable pests, such as thrips, leafminers and diamond back moth were chosen as target pests to study. We first studied on integrated eggplant pest management based on conservation of their natural enemies in Japan and on mass culture systems of several natural enemies. At the same time we made preliminary survey on vegetable pest managements in Thailand and Vietnam. It was revealed that so many chemical pesticides including those inhibited in Japan were heavily sprayed there. On the other hand many kinds of native natural enemies were actively attacking pests in vegetable fields without chemical pesticide spray. However, inventories of natural enemies of vegetable pests are not complete in Southeast Asia. For the first step of this project we made survey on the relationship between vegetable, leafminer pests and their natural enemies in Vietnam. We also made some ecological studies on the relationship between vegetable pests and their natural enemies in Thailand and Vietnam. From the result of these studies it was suggested that further cooperative research in Japan and Southeast Asian countries was needed to establish environmentally sound pest management in this area.