Establishment of fundamental theory for classical biological control - a case study on biological control of arrowhead scale -

经典生物防治基础理论的建立——以箭头鳞生物防治为例——

• 批准号: 10660050
• 负责人: TAKAGI Masami
• 金额: $ 2.37万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10660050/
• 关键词: Classical Biological control; Unaspis yanonensis; Ahytis yanonensis; Coccobius fulvus; Host-parasitoid system; Population dynamics; Introduced natural enemies; Risk of natural enermy introduction; 寄主ー寄生者系; 地球温暖化; 寄主-寄生者系; 寄主体液摂取; 寄主識別

Biological control of Unaspis yanonensis by using two introduced parasitoids, Aphytis yanonensis and Coccobius fulvus was examined as a case study for establishing basic theory of classical biological control. First, I investigated biological characteristics of the two parasitoids to evaluate their effectiveness as natural enemies. As the result, the two parasitoids were complementary as natural enemies of U. yanonensis, and it was indicated that combination of the two parasitoids resulted better results as biological control of the pest. Second, results of the study of population dynamics of U. yanonensis in orchards after the introduction of one of the parasitoids indicated that single species introduction of either species was resulted in the reduction of the population level of U. yanonensis. Howevere, density of U. yanonensis reduced again after the introduction of C. fulvus to the orchard where only A. yanonensis had been introduced This suggested the superiority of the multiple species introduction in classical biological control. The analysis of population dynamics of U. yanonensis in the orchard where the parasitoids were also introduced indicted the superiority of the multiple species introduction. On the other hand, analysis of the existing information on parasitism of the two parasitoids on indegenous scale insects suggested that there was not so serious environmental risk on the introduction of the two parasitoids. Finally, annual change in age structure of the overwintering generation of U. yanonensis fluctuated more in Amaimi than in mainland Japan because of the winter warmness and the population dynamics of U. yanonensis was not so stable as in mainland Japan. From this fact, it was suggested, the population fluctuation of U. yanonensis was intensified in citrus orchard in mainland Japan when the winter coldness was mitigated as the effect of global warmisation.

为建立经典生物防治理论基础，研究了利用引进的2种寄生蜂--黄蚜小蜂（Aphytis yanonensis）和黄蚧小蜂（Coccobius fulvus）对柳盾蚧（Unaspis yanonensis）的生物防治。首先，研究了两种寄生蜂的生物学特性，以评估其作为天敌的有效性。结果表明，这两种寄生蜂在天敌方面具有互补性。结果表明，两种寄生蜂组合对该虫的生物防治效果较好。第二，介绍了美国黑腹叶蝉种群动态的研究结果。结果表明，单种引进或单种引进都会导致果园中的野螟种群数量下降。yanonensis。然而，U. yanonensis在引进C. fulvus转移到果园A.这说明了多物种引种在经典生物防治中的优越性。本文还对乌桕种群动态进行了分析。在同时引入寄生蜂的果园中发现的yanonensis表明了多种引入的优越性。另一方面，对两种寄生蜂对内生蚧虫寄生的现有资料分析表明，这两种寄生蜂的引入并不存在严重的环境风险。最后，分析了越冬代年龄结构的年际变化。由于冬季气候温暖，以及稻纵卷叶螟的种群动态变化，稻纵卷叶螟在天见的种群波动比在日本大陆大。yanonensis不像日本大陆那么稳定。因此，我们认为，美国的种群变动是由其数量变动引起的。随着全球变暖的影响，冬季寒冷程度的减轻，日本大陆柑橘果园的柳枝病加剧。

项目成果

M.Takagi: "Perspective of practical biological control and population theories"Res. Popul. Ecol.. Vol.41 No.1. 121-126 (1999)

M.Takagi：“实际生物控制和种群理论的视角”Res。

M. Takagi, Y. Hirose, Y. Nakashima and K. Shima: "Presence-absence density estimation of Thrips palmi Kamy on field eggplant"Jpn. J. Appl. Entomol. Zool.. Vol.44. 125-126 (2000)

M. Takagi、Y. Hirose、Y. Nakashima 和 K. Shima：“田间茄子上蓟马的存在与不存在密度估计”Jpn。

高木正見: "外来生物導入をめぐる議論の生態学的背景(1)"バイオロジカンコントロール. 第5巻第1号. 9-15 (2001)

高木正美：“外来物种引入争论的生态背景（1）”《生物控制》第 5 卷第 1. 9-15（2001）。

高木正見: "外来生物導入をめぐる議論の生態学的背景(2)"バイオロジカンコントロール. 5(2). 24-29 (2001)

高木正美：“关于引进外来物种的争论的生态背景（2）”《生物控制》5（2）。

Tuda, M., Shima, K., Johnson, C.D., Morimoto, K.: "Establishment of Acanthoscelides pallidipennis (Coleoptera : Bruchidae) feeding in seeds of the introduced legume Amorpha fruticosa, with anew record of its Eupelmus parasitoid in Japan"Applied Entomology

Tuda, M.、Shima, K.、Johnson, C.D.、Morimoto, K.：“以引入的豆科植物 Amorpha fruticosa 的种子为食的 Acanthoscelides pallidipennis（鞘翅目：Bruchidae）的建立，以及在日本的 Eupelmus 寄生蜂的新记录”