Bio-processing of preservative-treated timbers with biodegrading agents and new energy oplions

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1. Bio-processing of preservative-treated timbers Various wood-decaying fungi, molds and staining fungi were evaluated for their bioremediation activities against preservative-treated timbers. Recovery rates of metals from the treated timbers strongly varied with fungal species. Non-biological agents, chitin and chitosan were also found to be effective heavy-metal scavengers2. Effective production of biogases with termites Effective methods for regulating intestinal micro-fauna and/or -flora were developed by food selection and the antibiotics treatments. In the case of Coptotermes formosanus, the maximum 112 emission rate of 17.5 nmol/termite/h, which is equal to 10L/one million population colony/day, was obtained when fed on antibiotics-treated cellulose. In addition, xylan was effectively fermented by the suspension of the intestinal micro-flora of Nasutitermes takasagoensis, emitting 100 times higher H2 than in intact termites.3. Biogases from termites and fungi as tools for detection Various gas sensors were evaluated for their applicability as tools for detection of biological deterioration. The hydrogen sensor was found to be an effective tool to detect termite activities in the monitoring station used for the bait system. Some decay fungi were also observed to emit considerable amount of CO as a metabolic gas, which might be used as an indicator of decay.4. The effective bioconversion of wood and wood-based materials by microorganisms Molecular breeding of the white rot fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus, by homologous exression of its versatile peroxidase MnP2 was conduced, and the genetically modified strain successfully degraded the polymeric dye PolyR-478 and benzopyrene. The pretreatment of Cryptomeria japonica by white rot fungi followed by the yeast fermentation resulted in the stable ethanol production