Ecological research of gregarious flowering of muli bamboo in Mizoram, India

由于竹子开花周期较长，其开花预测一直比较困难。这导致生态学的研究只在开花后才进行，不可能在开花前就了解它的行为。然而，通过对过去开花记录的深入分析、初步研究结果和对农民的采访，我可以比较准确地预测孟加拉语中被称为木里竹的竹子(Melocanna Baccikra)的开花周期。本种分布于孟加拉国东部至缅甸西部，包括印度东北部。这种物种分布的中心之一是印度的米佐拉姆。在这一地区，主要的农业系统之一是刀耕火种。据认为，该物种通过焚烧农民扩大了其分布区域。通过分析，预测该物种的开花周期为48年，预计2006-2007年为群花开花。2005年，我们设置了u…更多位于米佐拉姆的研究网站。一个是赛朗的生态研究，另一个是马米特的农业研究。在这两个地点，Melocanna baccikra如预测的那样于2006年秋季开花，并于次年结果。结果，我们学到了很多关于竹子开花的知识。作为一种体验，人们已经注意到，新竹子在开花那年的数量和质量都很低。我们还观察了群花前一年和群花后一年的开花。作为分子生态学研究，我们利用叶片样本进行了DNA分析，并制作了克隆图谱。通过对这一克隆图谱的检查，可以清楚地看出，这些小规模的开花不是由DNA群体发生的。花序可分为两种类型。一种类型具有雄花功能，另一种类型具有雌雄同体的功能。竹子种子很大，每根竹子上产生20-50粒种子。通过观察，我们可以了解开花结果的全过程。除了这些结果，我们还获得了一些关于啮齿动物种群的生态学知识。刚结完果就开始增加。关于竹子开花与刀耕火种农业的关系，指出了了解竹子开花周期的必要性，以保持较高的生产力，对竹子开花的详细认识在世界上尚属首次。较少

Prediction of bamboo flowering has been difficult because of its long flowering periodicity. It causes the ecological research only just after the flowering and it was impossible to understand its behavior before the flowering. Nevertheless, by the intimate analysis of the past flowering records, results of preliminary research and the interview to farmers, I could rather correctly predict the flowering periodicity of bamboo (Melocanna baccikra) called Muli Bamboo in Bengali. This species distributes from eastern part of Bangladesh to western part of Myanmar including north-east India.. One of the centers of this species distribution is Mizoram in India. In this area one of the main agriculture systems is slash-and-burned. It is thought that this species has expanded its distribution area by the burning of farmers. Through the analysis the flowering periodicity of this species has been predicted as 48 years and the coming gregarious flowering was expected in 2006-2007. In 2005 we set u … More p two research site in Mizoram. One was for an ecological research in Sairang and another one for an agricultural research in Mamit. In both sites Melocanna baccikra started to flower as predicted in the autumn of 2006 and fruited on the following year. As a result, we got a lot of knowledge about bamboo flowering. As already has been noticed as an experience the quantity and quality of new bamboo calms on the flowering year was very low. We also observed the flowering on the one year before and after the gregarious flowering. As the molecular ecological research we conducted DNA analysis using leaf samples and made a clone map. Through the inspection of this clone map it was clear that these small scale flowering does not occur by the DNA groups. Inflorescence was classified to two types. One type has a function like male flower and another androgynous. Bamboo seeds were very large and 20-50 seeds were produced on each culm. Through the observation we could understand all the process of flowering and fruiting. Addition to these results we also got some ecological knowledge about the rodents population. It started to increase just after fruiting. Concerning to the relationship between bamboo flowering and slash-and-burned agriculture, the necessity of understanding of flowering periodicity was indicated to keep the high productivity.These knowledge in detail concerning to bamboo flowering are regarded as the first records in the world. Less