INFLUENCE OF AN ARTIFICIAL DISTURBANCE LIKE CUTTING ON SUBURBAN SECONDARY FOREST TO BIOTOPE AND FOREST ENVIRONMENT

随着城郊次生林的退化和社会对次生林再利用意识的提高，城郊次生林的再维护活动正在迅速开展。然而，它们大多以提高市民的舒适度为主要目的，没有重视与传统第一产业的关系。本研究旨在从生态环境的角度探讨次生林经营后森林环境的变化。研究地点建立在两个被忽视了50多年的小流域：神igamo实验森林和京都大学森林。一个分水岭是未管理的，另一个是有管理的。每个场地有上、中、下三个地块。在松材枯萎病的影响下，各森林都发生了由红松林向柏树林的转变。1999年进行了调查，了解森林经营前的状况。2000年1月开始进行管理（更细化）。间伐工作结束后，对森林环境、表土运动、管理前后种子更新情况的比较、管理后灌木林更新的痕迹、植被变化角度的边缘效应评价、管理后森林植被变化、地面节肢动物群落组成变化、管理样地鸟粪和种子供应变化等方面进行了大量的跟踪研究。同时也从森林计量和经济的角度收集了经营本身的一些实用信息。通过4年的研究，获得了许多关于森林环境变化、表层土壤移动增加、微地形对积累和侵蚀的差异、管理样地树种幼苗的分布、种子库中幼苗的出现、采伐个体的年变化及其重要性评价、从幼苗更新和鸟类种子传播的角度看保育树存在的重要性等方面的知识。研究了管理对物种多样性增加的具体效果、管理对地面节肢动物群落组成的影响等。少

According to the degradation of suburban secondary forests and a rise of social awareness concerning to reusing them, the activities to maintain them again are carried out briskly. However most of them mainly aim at the improvement of amenity for citizens and don't regard the relationship with the traditional primary industries important. This study was practiced with the object to pursue the change of forest environment after the management of the secondary forest from the ecological and environmental views. The research sites were established on two small watersheds neglected more than 50 years is Kamigamo Experimental Forest, Kyoto University Forests. One watershed is unmanaged site and another managed. Each site has three plots on upper, middle and lower parts. Every forest has been changing from Japanese Red Pine forest to Japanese Cypress forest by the pine wilt disease. On 1999 the survey to understand the conditions of forests before management was done. The management (strong … More thinning) was carried out on January, 2000. After the thinning work a lot of follow-up researches have been practiced concerning to forest environment, movement of topsoil, comparison of regeneration condition by seed before and after management, trace of regeneration by coppice after management, evaluation of edge effect from the view of vegetation change, change of forest vegetation after management, change of the component of ground arthropod community, change of bird droppings and seed supply on managed plots, and so on. At the same time some practical information of the management itself from the view of forest measurement and economy were also collected. Through four years researches, as a result, a lot of knowledge concerned to change of forest environment, increase of movement of topsoil and difference of an accumulation and an erosion by micro landform, distribution of seedlings of tree species in managed plots, emergence of seedlings from seed bank, annual change of coppicing individuals and the evaluation of their importance, importance of the existence of kept trees from the view of seedling regeneration and seed dispersion by birds, specific effects of management to the increase of species diversity, influence of management to the component of ground arthropod community, and so on were investigated. Less