Media Entertainment and Psychological Resilience – Introducing a Salutogenic Perspective on the Prospective Effects of Entertaining Media Use

越来越多的研究提供了经验证据，证明接触媒体娱乐对心理健康有积极的短期影响，例如通过情绪管理或从压力和紧张中恢复的过程。然而，在很大程度上尚不清楚的是，媒体娱乐是否也与心理健康方面更稳定的预期收益有关。为了解决这一悬而未决的问题，拟议的项目旨在从有益健康的角度看待接触媒体娱乐的纵向影响。为此，该项目在理论上将最新的娱乐体验双因素模型与心理弹性理论模型相结合。由此产生的理论综合表明，接触享乐主义和幸福主义的娱乐可能为获得、培养和加强不同的弹性因素提供机会和风险，如个人层面的乐观和希望。反过来，这些弹性因素预计将作为媒体娱乐对福祉的潜在预期影响的中介。拟议的工作计划旨在实现两个核心目标。首先，在准备拨款提案的理论综合的基础上，将建立一个扩展的理论模型，说明媒体娱乐与心理韧性之间的拟议联系。其次，在两项纵向研究中，将对娱乐性媒体使用、弹性因素、心理健康和幸福感之间的相互作用进行实证检验。研究1将在一项基于在线访问小组的纵向调查研究中对这些影响进行第一次测试，该小组按地区、年龄(18-65岁)、性别和德国普通人口的教育水平进行代表性分层。这项研究将包括三波数据收集，每隔6个月。研究1的结果将得到研究2的补充，研究2基于对一组大学生第一学期的纵向日记研究。研究2遵循测量突发设计，将每周报告和三周的每日日记评估结合在一起。研究1和研究2结合起来，将提供娱乐媒体使用、弹性和幸福感在不同时间框架和分析水平上的相互作用的详细图景。虽然研究1讨论了媒体暴露对复原力的人与人之间的纵向影响，但研究2收集的大量评估和数据的嵌套结构允许探索相关变量的人内关系。除了其高度的社会相关性，我们相信拟议项目的结果将通过扩展我们对连接媒体娱乐与心理健康和福祉的中央机制的洞察，对娱乐和媒体效果研究领域做出重要贡献。

A growing number of studies provide empirical evidence of the positive short-term effects of exposure to media entertainment on psychological well-being, for example through processes of mood management or recovery from stress and strain. What remains largely unclear, however, is whether media entertainment is also associated with more stable prospective gains in psychological health. To address this open question, the proposed project aims at introducing a salutogenic perspective on the longitudinal effects of exposure to media entertainment. For this purpose, the project theoretically integrates recent two-factor models of entertainment experience with theoretical models of psychological resilience. The resulting theory synthesis suggests that exposure to hedonic and eudaimonic entertainment may provide both opportunities and risks for the acquisition, cultivation, and reinforcement of different resiliency factors, such as person-level optimism and hope. These resiliency factors, in turn, are anticipated to act as mediators of potential prospective effects of media entertainment on well-being. The proposed work program aims at two central goals. First, based on the theoretical synthesis conducted in preparation of the funding proposal, an extended theoretical model of the proposed connections between media entertainment and psychological resilience will be developed. Second, the reciprocal effects of entertaining media use, resiliency factors, and psychological health and well-being will be empirically tested in two longitudinal studies. Study 1 will provide a first test of these effects in a longitudinal survey study based on an online access panel representatively stratified with regard to region, age (18-65 years), gender, and educational level of the general population in Germany. The study will comprise three waves of data collection with a 6-month interval. The results of Study 1 will be complemented by Study 2 based on a longitudinal diary study in a cohort of university students in their first semester. Study 2 follows a measurement burst design and combines weekly reports with three weeks of daily diary assessment over the course of the semester. In combination, Study 1 and Study 2 will provide a detailed picture of the interplay of entertainment media use, resilience, and well-being over varying timeframes and analytical levels. While Study 1 addresses the longitudinal between-person effects of media exposure on resilience, the high number of assessments and the nested structure of the data collected in Study 2 allows for the exploration of the within-person relationship of the relevant variables. Beyond their high societal relevance, we believe that the results of the proposed project will make important contributions to the fields of entertainment and media effects research by extending our insights into the central mechanism connecting media entertainment and psychological health and well-being.